{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393978355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16040435","title":"Theoretical Investigation and Improvement of Characteristics of InAs/GaAs Quantum Dot Intermediate Band Solar Cells by Optimizing Quantum Dot Dimensions","display_name":"Theoretical Investigation and Improvement of Characteristics of InAs/GaAs Quantum Dot Intermediate Band Solar Cells by Optimizing Quantum Dot Dimensions","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393978355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16040435"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16040435","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16040435","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/4/435/pdf?version=1712308481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/4/435/pdf?version=1712308481","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039514913","display_name":"Farzad Farhadipour","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196051555","display_name":"Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz","ror":"https://ror.org/01k3mbs15","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196051555"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farzad Farhadipour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-83151, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-83151, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196051555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031074985","display_name":"Saeed Olyaee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6154-7646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83123760","display_name":"Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkz4493","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83123760"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saeed Olyaee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nano-Photonics and Optoelectronics Research Laboratory (NORLab), Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran 16788-15811, Iran","Nano-photonics and Optoelectronics Research Laboratory (NORLab), Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran 16788-15811, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6154-7646","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nano-Photonics and Optoelectronics Research Laboratory (NORLab), Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran 16788-15811, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83123760"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nano-photonics and Optoelectronics Research Laboratory (NORLab), Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran 16788-15811, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83123760"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021659014","display_name":"Abdolnabi Kosarian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4590-2564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196051555","display_name":"Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz","ror":"https://ror.org/01k3mbs15","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196051555"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdolnabi Kosarian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-83151, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-83151, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196051555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031074985"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83123760"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.9297,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71358253,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"435","last_page":"435"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10321","display_name":"Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10590","display_name":"Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-dot","display_name":"Quantum dot","score":0.8827981948852539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.5990774631500244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absorption","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","score":0.5630494952201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-cell","display_name":"Solar cell","score":0.5593081712722778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5177189707756042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-density","display_name":"Current density","score":0.511520504951477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-circuit","display_name":"Short circuit","score":0.4915717542171478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-exciton-generation","display_name":"Multiple exciton generation","score":0.4517896771430969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absorption-efficiency","display_name":"Absorption efficiency","score":0.44703567028045654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-conversion-efficiency","display_name":"Energy conversion efficiency","score":0.42766281962394714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2911284565925598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.14218997955322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.06452926993370056}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124657808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133068","display_name":"Quantum dot","level":2,"score":0.8827981948852539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5990774631500244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125287762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.5630494952201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780824857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58803","display_name":"Solar cell","level":2,"score":0.5593081712722778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5177189707756042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207740977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072","display_name":"Current density","level":2,"score":0.511520504951477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68583231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206907","display_name":"Short circuit","level":3,"score":0.4915717542171478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58041110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934931","display_name":"Multiple exciton generation","level":3,"score":0.4517896771430969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993886244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25367","display_name":"Absorption efficiency","level":2,"score":0.44703567028045654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206991015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192704","display_name":"Energy conversion efficiency","level":2,"score":0.42766281962394714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2911284565925598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.14218997955322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.06452926993370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16040435","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16040435","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/4/435/pdf?version=1712308481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cbd79b17ab9448dbb866c8a70fb68d6b","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cbd79b17ab9448dbb866c8a70fb68d6b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 16, Iss 4, p 435 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16040435","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16040435","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/4/435/pdf?version=1712308481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G509805103","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"95834901","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326795","funder_display_name":"Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322243","display_name":"Iran National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03sr1ma14"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323850","display_name":"Kharazmi University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hsgex59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326795","display_name":"Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkz4493"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393978355.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968683287","https://openalex.org/W1987346293","https://openalex.org/W1987639153","https://openalex.org/W2007597959","https://openalex.org/W2008717342","https://openalex.org/W2033041029","https://openalex.org/W2037357087","https://openalex.org/W2039295976","https://openalex.org/W2076820872","https://openalex.org/W2093065511","https://openalex.org/W2130948069","https://openalex.org/W2157776551","https://openalex.org/W2158007637","https://openalex.org/W2284599902","https://openalex.org/W2314393167","https://openalex.org/W2469381205","https://openalex.org/W2496552513","https://openalex.org/W2510396185","https://openalex.org/W2523385213","https://openalex.org/W2562157179","https://openalex.org/W2753720380","https://openalex.org/W2804066774","https://openalex.org/W2908534293","https://openalex.org/W2925297077","https://openalex.org/W2930401586","https://openalex.org/W2944870780","https://openalex.org/W2976453052","https://openalex.org/W2990559171","https://openalex.org/W2998433702","https://openalex.org/W3013794647","https://openalex.org/W3023897147","https://openalex.org/W3041067820","https://openalex.org/W3041376001","https://openalex.org/W3093708340","https://openalex.org/W3164637256","https://openalex.org/W3167262665","https://openalex.org/W4280557971","https://openalex.org/W4283742805","https://openalex.org/W4285795410","https://openalex.org/W4313415363","https://openalex.org/W4313472068","https://openalex.org/W4318022858","https://openalex.org/W4319317190","https://openalex.org/W4324066620","https://openalex.org/W4366548936","https://openalex.org/W4381792357","https://openalex.org/W4384156600","https://openalex.org/W4384498171","https://openalex.org/W4386524562","https://openalex.org/W6770606053","https://openalex.org/W6795805641","https://openalex.org/W6922594746"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W990521860","https://openalex.org/W2325128805","https://openalex.org/W2056976467","https://openalex.org/W2087215516","https://openalex.org/W2378266864","https://openalex.org/W2024495565","https://openalex.org/W2504430712","https://openalex.org/W1964268547","https://openalex.org/W2555667049","https://openalex.org/W2611160092"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0],"dot":[1],"(QD)-based":[2],"solar":[3,46],"cells":[4,30,47],"have":[5],"been":[6],"the":[7,14,22,29,67,74,78,133,138,143,149,171],"focus":[8],"of":[9,13,26,69,80,102,165],"extensive":[10],"research.":[11],"One":[12],"critical":[15],"challenges":[16],"in":[17,63],"this":[18],"field":[19],"is":[20,54],"optimizing":[21,93,132],"size":[23],"and":[24,35,61,73,92,111,124,151,157,167],"placement":[25],"QDs":[27],"within":[28],"to":[31,55,86,108,137,142,155,170],"enhance":[32,87],"light":[33,59],"absorption":[34,60],"overall":[36],"efficiency.":[37],"This":[38,97],"paper":[39],"theoretically":[40],"investigates":[41],"InAs/GaAs":[42],"QD":[43,95],"intermediate":[44],"band":[45],"(QD-IBSC)":[48],"employing":[49],"cylindrical":[50],"QDs.":[51],"The":[52,128],"goal":[53],"explore":[56],"factors":[57],"affecting":[58],"efficiency":[62,89,113,140,150],"QD-IBSC,":[64],"such":[65],"as":[66],"positioning":[68],"QDs,":[70],"their":[71],"dimensions,":[72],"spacing":[75],"(pitch)":[76],"between":[77],"centers":[79],"adjacent":[81],"dots.":[82],"Achieving":[83],"optimal":[84],"values":[85],"cell":[88],"involves":[90,99],"modifying":[91],"these":[94],"parameters.":[96],"study":[98],"an":[100],"analysis":[101],"more":[103],"than":[104],"500":[105],"frequency":[106],"points":[107],"optimize":[109],"parameters":[110],"evaluate":[112],"under":[114],"three":[115],"distinct":[116],"conditions:":[117],"output":[118],"power":[119],"optimization,":[120,123],"short-circuit":[121,134],"current":[122,135,152],"generation":[125],"rate":[126],"optimization.":[127],"results":[129],"indicate":[130],"that":[131],"leads":[136],"highest":[139],"compared":[141,169],"other":[144],"conditions.":[145],"Under":[146],"optimized":[147],"conditions,":[148],"density":[153],"increase":[154],"34.3%":[156],"38.42":[158],"mA/cm2,":[159],"respectively,":[160],"representing":[161],"a":[162],"remarkable":[163],"improvement":[164],"15%":[166],"22%":[168],"reference":[172],"cell.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}