{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389617589","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15122190","title":"The Place of Descriptive Geometry in the Face of Industry 4.0 Challenges","display_name":"The Place of Descriptive Geometry in the Face of Industry 4.0 Challenges","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389617589","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15122190"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15122190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15122190","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/12/2190/pdf?version=1702372514","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/12/2190/pdf?version=1702372514","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102972638","display_name":"M. Carmen Ladr\u00f3n-de-Guevara-Mu\u00f1oz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7954-9519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Carmen Ladr\u00f3n-de-Guevara-Mu\u00f1oz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Graphic Expression, Design and Projects, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Malaga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7954-9519","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Graphic Expression, Design and Projects, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Malaga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026464565","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Alonso-Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0784-7197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda Alonso-Garc\u00eda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Graphic Expression, Design and Projects, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Malaga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0784-7197","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Graphic Expression, Design and Projects, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Malaga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044202977","display_name":"\u00d3scar D. de-C\u00f3zar-Mac\u00edas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0596-3936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00d3scar D. de-C\u00f3zar-Mac\u00edas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Graphic Expression, Design and Projects, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Malaga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0596-3936","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Graphic Expression, Design and Projects, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Malaga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054439327","display_name":"Elidia Beatriz Bl\u00e1zquez Parra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7329-7277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Beatriz Bl\u00e1zquez-Parra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Graphic Expression, Design and Projects, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Malaga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7329-7277","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Graphic Expression, Design and Projects, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Malaga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102972638"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.2355,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54459555,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"12","first_page":"2190","last_page":"2190"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.9581000208854675,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/descriptive-geometry","display_name":"Descriptive geometry","score":0.761695146560669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.595608115196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5554159283638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.5444314479827881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.47359421849250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.43035590648651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4236617684364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-technologies","display_name":"Emerging technologies","score":0.413134902715683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3453807830810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20958784222602844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19681429862976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.18630576133728027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.185341477394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.1662292182445526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12316995859146118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.11111190915107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.10774010419845581}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780507150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638755","display_name":"Descriptive geometry","level":2,"score":0.761695146560669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.595608115196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5554159283638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.5444314479827881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.47359421849250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.43035590648651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4236617684364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.413134902715683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3453807830810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20958784222602844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19681429862976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.18630576133728027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.185341477394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.1662292182445526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12316995859146118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11111190915107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.10774010419845581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15122190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15122190","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/12/2190/pdf?version=1702372514","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f7879848f9f348db84ac667517391007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f7879848f9f348db84ac667517391007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 15, Iss 12, p 2190 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:riuma.uma.es:10630/29071","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10630/29071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401385","display_name":"Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de M\u00e1laga (University of M\u00e1laga)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","host_organization_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"VoR"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15122190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15122190","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/12/2190/pdf?version=1702372514","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389617589.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58844350","https://openalex.org/W1537183434","https://openalex.org/W1538155953","https://openalex.org/W1872088109","https://openalex.org/W1879064811","https://openalex.org/W1993199389","https://openalex.org/W1998862889","https://openalex.org/W2044189191","https://openalex.org/W2059030846","https://openalex.org/W2081005585","https://openalex.org/W2084945517","https://openalex.org/W2122670017","https://openalex.org/W2165565225","https://openalex.org/W2185141806","https://openalex.org/W2477467298","https://openalex.org/W2526781987","https://openalex.org/W2602984517","https://openalex.org/W2771862702","https://openalex.org/W2781826627","https://openalex.org/W2802373581","https://openalex.org/W2910942384","https://openalex.org/W2981697369","https://openalex.org/W2992249286","https://openalex.org/W3044245174","https://openalex.org/W3044934701","https://openalex.org/W3083093979","https://openalex.org/W3089877117","https://openalex.org/W3090822582","https://openalex.org/W3094091017","https://openalex.org/W3155439443","https://openalex.org/W3164142396","https://openalex.org/W3194699880","https://openalex.org/W3200786402","https://openalex.org/W4230417995","https://openalex.org/W4288719461","https://openalex.org/W4313559034","https://openalex.org/W4389962197","https://openalex.org/W6602425915","https://openalex.org/W6632210201","https://openalex.org/W6634496381","https://openalex.org/W6635570130","https://openalex.org/W6639404634","https://openalex.org/W6686629795","https://openalex.org/W6770803889","https://openalex.org/W6782754371","https://openalex.org/W6784467367"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2370975864","https://openalex.org/W2370868836","https://openalex.org/W2390547422","https://openalex.org/W4390223717","https://openalex.org/W4382245987","https://openalex.org/W2352994575","https://openalex.org/W2334807363","https://openalex.org/W613696594","https://openalex.org/W2392753838","https://openalex.org/W1601264781"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Industrial":[0],"process":[1],"automation":[2],"has":[3],"long":[4],"been":[5],"the":[6,52,72,82,89,101,124,128,146,178,214,217,223,228,239,247],"main":[7],"goal":[8],"in":[9,51,100,127,154,163,174,189,203],"production":[10],"lines":[11],"that":[12,23,44,80,209],"seek":[13],"to":[14,38,96,132,156,198,220],"decrease":[15],"human":[16,34,83,129,218],"involvement.":[17],"However,":[18,206],"it":[19],"is":[20,36,122,172],"broadly":[21],"agreed":[22],"a":[24,68],"collaboration":[25],"between":[26],"humans":[27,197,231],"and":[28,42,56,60,186,191,194,243],"technologies":[29,195,244],"must":[30,63],"still":[31],"exist":[32],"as":[33],"capital":[35],"required":[37],"provide":[39],"certain":[40],"skills":[41,79],"abilities":[43,92],"machines":[45,242],"cannot":[46],"offer":[47],"yet.":[48],"For":[49],"instance,":[50],"context":[53],"of":[54,71,88,135,166,180,235,241,246],"design":[55,190],"simulation,":[57],"CAD,":[58],"CAM,":[59],"CAE":[61],"professionals":[62],"count":[64],"not":[65,212],"only":[66],"on":[67,77,107,227],"deep":[69],"knowledge":[70],"technology":[73],"employed":[74],"but":[75],"also":[76],"specific":[78],"make":[81],"factor":[84,130],"an":[85],"integral":[86],"piece":[87],"transition.":[90],"These":[91],"are":[93,151,232],"considered":[94],"fundamental":[95],"achieving":[97],"sustainable":[98],"development":[99],"industrial":[102,137],"sector.":[103],"This":[104,171],"work":[105],"focuses":[106],"analyzing":[108],"through":[109],"four":[110],"study":[111],"cases":[112,176],"where":[113],"whether":[114],"specular":[115],"o":[116],"bilateral":[117],"symmetry,":[118],"a.k.a.":[119],"planar":[120],"symmetry":[121],"present,":[123],"weaknesses":[125],"found":[126,143],"related":[131],"CAD":[133],"training":[134],"future":[136],"engineers.":[138],"The":[139,184],"most":[140],"common":[141],"mistakes":[142],"when":[144],"developing":[145],"different":[147],"symmetric":[148],"pieces":[149],"proposed":[150],"thoroughly":[152],"examined":[153],"order":[155],"define":[157],"their":[158,200],"origin,":[159],"which":[160],"mainly":[161],"lies":[162],"students\u2019":[164],"lack":[165,179],"descriptive":[167],"geometry":[168],"(DG)":[169],"understanding.":[170],"aggravated":[173],"some":[175],"by":[177],"spatial":[181],"visualization":[182],"abilities.":[183],"unstoppable":[185],"fast":[187],"advances":[188],"simulation":[192],"tools":[193],"require":[196],"update":[199],"capabilities":[201],"almost":[202],"real":[204],"time.":[205],"results":[207],"show":[208],"this":[210],"should":[211],"threaten":[213],"need":[215],"for":[216],"mind":[219],"spatially":[221],"understand":[222],"changes":[224],"being":[225],"made":[226],"screen.":[229],"Otherwise,":[230],"at":[233,238],"risk":[234],"ending":[236],"up":[237],"service":[240],"instead":[245],"opposite.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-25T23:11:45.687758","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}