{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388942240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15122104","title":"A Novel Detection and Identification Mechanism for Malicious Injection Attacks in Power Systems","display_name":"A Novel Detection and Identification Mechanism for Malicious Injection Attacks in Power Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388942240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15122104"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15122104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15122104","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/12/2104/pdf?version=1700731448","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/12/2104/pdf?version=1700731448","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100714192","display_name":"Hongfeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3485-3189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132369690","display_name":"Tianjin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018rbtf37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132369690"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongfeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Tianjin College, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Tianjin 301830, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Tianjin College, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Tianjin 301830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132369690","https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031867412","display_name":"Xinyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2380-1639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Smart Distribution Network, Nanjing 210000, China","School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2380-1639","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Smart Distribution Network, Nanjing 210000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113674606","display_name":"Lan Ban","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132369690","display_name":"Tianjin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018rbtf37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132369690"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lan Ban","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Tianjin College, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Tianjin 301830, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Tianjin College, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Tianjin 301830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132369690","https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090868178","display_name":"Molin Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0424-1023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132369690","display_name":"Tianjin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018rbtf37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132369690"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Molin Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Tianjin College, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Tianjin 301830, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Tianjin College, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Tianjin 301830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132369690","https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031867412"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.8874,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74987838,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"12","first_page":"2104","last_page":"2104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12495","display_name":"Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8084756135940552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.7487753629684448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5791358947753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosine-similarity","display_name":"Cosine similarity","score":0.5175025463104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.473952054977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer","display_name":"Observer (physics)","score":0.445185124874115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4322552978992462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3810369372367859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30366507172584534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.24065452814102173}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8084756135940552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.7487753629684448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5791358947753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780762811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784941","display_name":"Cosine similarity","level":3,"score":0.5175025463104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.473952054977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.445185124874115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4322552978992462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3810369372367859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30366507172584534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.24065452814102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15122104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15122104","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/12/2104/pdf?version=1700731448","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8c4bccbc319942e1b60755d43a9428aa","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8c4bccbc319942e1b60755d43a9428aa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 15, Iss 12, p 2104 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/15/12/2104/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15122104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15122104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15122104","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/12/2104/pdf?version=1700731448","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3197403407","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XTCX202203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3985432573","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YLKC202306","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4079632361","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2021203043","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6464037410","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62103357","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6849205400","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XTCX202203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324885","funder_display_name":"Nanjing Institute of Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324885","display_name":"Nanjing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00n6txq60"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325365","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388942240.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480435716","https://openalex.org/W1770527767","https://openalex.org/W2017907662","https://openalex.org/W2030205386","https://openalex.org/W2039984414","https://openalex.org/W2324861975","https://openalex.org/W2510352387","https://openalex.org/W2588865581","https://openalex.org/W2593244526","https://openalex.org/W2620766358","https://openalex.org/W2800157641","https://openalex.org/W2910992412","https://openalex.org/W2920646469","https://openalex.org/W3005803304","https://openalex.org/W3014429688","https://openalex.org/W3019657079","https://openalex.org/W3035348777","https://openalex.org/W3089415998","https://openalex.org/W3092401480","https://openalex.org/W3120306033","https://openalex.org/W3134736280","https://openalex.org/W3161260464","https://openalex.org/W3200160611","https://openalex.org/W4200303833","https://openalex.org/W4214907202","https://openalex.org/W4231498119","https://openalex.org/W4282930408","https://openalex.org/W4293736852","https://openalex.org/W4308025049","https://openalex.org/W4312989743","https://openalex.org/W4327639725","https://openalex.org/W4352980960","https://openalex.org/W4378628059","https://openalex.org/W4387336574","https://openalex.org/W6805121873"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3004173571","https://openalex.org/W3019776739","https://openalex.org/W2546638913","https://openalex.org/W2209816623","https://openalex.org/W2968885840","https://openalex.org/W3135700974","https://openalex.org/W4313307484","https://openalex.org/W2791379413","https://openalex.org/W2086962923","https://openalex.org/W4319436466"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"integration":[1],"of":[2,15,23,34,64,71,94,99],"advanced":[3],"sensor":[4],"technology":[5,8],"and":[6,51,85,152,159],"control":[7],"has":[9],"gradually":[10],"improved":[11],"the":[12,21,31,62,69,80,92,97,117,125,146,154],"operational":[13],"efficiency":[14],"traditional":[16,27,118],"power":[17,35,59],"systems.":[18],"Due":[19],"to":[20,39,115,143],"undetectability":[22,70],"these":[24],"attacks":[25,57,100,157],"using":[26,79],"chi-square":[28],"detection":[29,50,77,111,119],"techniques,":[30],"state":[32,102],"estimation":[33,103],"systems":[36,60],"is":[37,89,113,137],"vulnerable":[38],"cyber\u2013physical":[40,65,72],"attacks,":[41,73,130],"For":[42],"this":[43,45],"reason,":[44],"paper":[46],"presents":[47],"a":[48,74],"novel":[49],"identification":[52,135],"framework":[53,136],"for":[54],"detecting":[55],"malicious":[56,129,156],"in":[58],"from":[61],"perspective":[63],"symmetry.":[66],"To":[67,121],"consider":[68],"physical":[75],"dynamics":[76],"model":[78],"unknown":[81],"input":[82],"observers":[83],"(UIOs)":[84],"cosine":[86,108],"similarity":[87,109],"theorem":[88],"proposed.":[90],"Through":[91],"design":[93],"UIO":[95],"parameters,":[96],"influence":[98],"on":[101],"can":[104,150],"be":[105],"eliminated.":[106],"A":[107],"value-based":[110],"criterion":[112],"proposed":[114,147],"replace":[116],"threshold.":[120],"further":[122],"cut":[123],"down":[124],"effects":[126],"caused":[127],"by":[128],"an":[131],"observer":[132],"combination-based":[133],"attack":[134],"established.":[138],"Finally,":[139],"simulations":[140],"are":[141],"given":[142],"demonstrate":[144],"that":[145],"security":[148],"method":[149],"detect":[151],"identify":[153],"injected":[155],"quickly":[158],"effectively.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
