{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388423393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15112021","title":"PointNAC: Copula-Based Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation Network","display_name":"PointNAC: Copula-Based Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation Network","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388423393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15112021"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15112021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15112021","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/11/2021/pdf?version=1699257815","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/11/2021/pdf?version=1699257815","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103210774","display_name":"Chunyuan Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2169-7711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunyuan Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049547216","display_name":"Ruixing Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3531-9276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruixing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3531-9276","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111102441","display_name":"Wuyang Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wuyang Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111069881","display_name":"Hexuan Chu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hexuan Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049642190","display_name":"Gang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0616-878X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165339","display_name":"Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05nqg3g04","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165339"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Laboratory, Advanced Manufacturing Institute, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Laboratory, Advanced Manufacturing Institute, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165339"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100711130","display_name":"Yue Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5939-8717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165339","display_name":"Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05nqg3g04","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165339"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Laboratory, Advanced Manufacturing Institute, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Laboratory, Advanced Manufacturing Institute, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165339"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103060096","display_name":"Zhenyun Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1454-786X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyun Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049547216"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.3141,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4688615,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"11","first_page":"2021","last_page":"2021"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7167409062385559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6790652275085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6370158195495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6034731864929199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5875576734542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.51361083984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosine-similarity","display_name":"Cosine similarity","score":0.4316534399986267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.33577674627304077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7167409062385559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6790652275085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6370158195495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6034731864929199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5875576734542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.51361083984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780762811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784941","display_name":"Cosine similarity","level":3,"score":0.4316534399986267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33577674627304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15112021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15112021","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/11/2021/pdf?version=1699257815","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9f46d274a1684fd58969c7ab784ea20a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9f46d274a1684fd58969c7ab784ea20a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 15, Iss 11, p 2021 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15112021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15112021","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/11/2021/pdf?version=1699257815","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323266","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337368","display_name":"Division of Graduate Education","ror":"https://ror.org/00whkrf32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388423393.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388423393.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1644641054","https://openalex.org/W2041642242","https://openalex.org/W2088805832","https://openalex.org/W2145020194","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2211722331","https://openalex.org/W2277170616","https://openalex.org/W2324635095","https://openalex.org/W2460657278","https://openalex.org/W2512257441","https://openalex.org/W2560609797","https://openalex.org/W2790308185","https://openalex.org/W2889300857","https://openalex.org/W2895472109","https://openalex.org/W2896259381","https://openalex.org/W2953616042","https://openalex.org/W2960986959","https://openalex.org/W2963281829","https://openalex.org/W2979750740","https://openalex.org/W2985812748","https://openalex.org/W2998115525","https://openalex.org/W3008274274","https://openalex.org/W3009401626","https://openalex.org/W3012494314","https://openalex.org/W3016245793","https://openalex.org/W3034482224","https://openalex.org/W3034981362","https://openalex.org/W3035398346","https://openalex.org/W3121580487","https://openalex.org/W3134689793","https://openalex.org/W3163821474","https://openalex.org/W3171433839","https://openalex.org/W3171648433","https://openalex.org/W4206043624","https://openalex.org/W4225966217","https://openalex.org/W4316468832","https://openalex.org/W4318187643","https://openalex.org/W4319300037","https://openalex.org/W6747904511","https://openalex.org/W6810643955"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389574804","https://openalex.org/W3016928466","https://openalex.org/W2936725271","https://openalex.org/W3150655618","https://openalex.org/W3108295644","https://openalex.org/W1578717197","https://openalex.org/W2626737336","https://openalex.org/W2005998065","https://openalex.org/W4399442168","https://openalex.org/W2114282491"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Three-dimensional":[0],"point":[1,14,70,120],"cloud":[2,15,71,121],"data":[3],"generally":[4],"contain":[5],"complex":[6,76],"scene":[7],"information":[8,23,38,117],"and":[9,28,36,61,99,127,130,186,206,232,256],"diversified":[10],"category":[11],"structures.":[12],"Existing":[13],"semantic":[16,72],"segmentation":[17,73,242,257],"networks":[18],"tend":[19],"to":[20,110,240],"learn":[21,111],"feature":[22,64,135,142,180,188],"between":[24,190],"sampled":[25,45],"center":[26,46],"points":[27,150,162,170],"their":[29],"neighboring":[30],"points,":[31],"while":[32,163],"ignoring":[33],"the":[34,40,44,81,104,108,114,119,124,132,140,147,152,157,165,179,183,187,216,221,241],"scale":[35,126],"structural":[37],"of":[39,43,80,118,159,167,204,213,230,237,244],"spatial":[41,115,125],"context":[42],"points.":[47],"To":[48],"address":[49],"these":[50,174],"issues,":[51],"this":[52,92,144],"paper":[53],"introduces":[54],"PointNAC":[55,198,224],"(PointNet":[56],"based":[57,102],"on":[58,103,139,215,220,248],"normal":[59,97],"vector":[60],"attention":[62],"copula":[63],"enhancement),":[65],"a":[66,207],"network":[67,109,246],"designed":[68],"for":[69],"in":[74,151],"large-scale":[75],"scenes,":[77],"which":[78],"consists":[79],"following":[82],"two":[83],"main":[84],"modules:":[85],"(1)":[86],"The":[87,193],"local":[88,153],"stereoscopic":[89,141],"feature-encoding":[90,93],"module:":[91],"process":[94],"incorporates":[95],"distance,":[96],"vectors,":[98],"angles":[100],"calculated":[101],"cosine":[105],"theorem,":[106],"enabling":[107],"not":[112],"only":[113],"positional":[116],"but":[122],"also":[123],"geometric":[128],"structure;":[129],"(2)":[131],"copula-based":[133],"similarity":[134],"enhancement":[136],"module.":[137],"Based":[138],"information,":[143],"module":[145],"analyzes":[146],"correlation":[148],"among":[149],"neighborhood.":[154],"It":[155],"enhances":[156,178],"features":[158,166],"positively":[160],"correlated":[161,169],"leaving":[164],"negatively":[168],"unchanged.":[171],"By":[172],"combining":[173],"enhancements,":[175],"it":[176],"effectively":[177],"saliency":[181],"within":[182],"same":[184],"class":[185],"distinctiveness":[189],"different":[191],"classes.":[192],"experimental":[194],"results":[195,243],"show":[196],"that":[197],"achieved":[199,225],"an":[200,226,233],"overall":[201,227],"accuracy":[202,228],"(OA)":[203,229],"90.9%":[205],"mean":[208],"intersection":[209],"over":[210],"union":[211],"(MIoU)":[212],"67.4%":[214],"S3DIS":[217],"dataset.":[218],"And":[219],"Vaihingen":[222],"dataset,":[223],"85.9%":[231],"average":[234],"F1":[235],"score":[236],"70.6%.":[238],"Compared":[239],"other":[245],"models":[247],"public":[249],"datasets,":[250],"our":[251],"algorithm":[252],"demonstrates":[253],"good":[254],"generalization":[255],"capabilities.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}