{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387024454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15101817","title":"Single-Photon Superradiance and Subradiance as Collective Emission from Symmetric and Anti-Symmetric States","display_name":"Single-Photon Superradiance and Subradiance as Collective Emission from Symmetric and Anti-Symmetric States","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387024454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15101817"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15101817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15101817","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/10/1817/pdf?version=1695621940","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/10/1817/pdf?version=1695621940","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040199127","display_name":"N. Piovella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2403-0776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136779","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/04w4m6z96","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210136779"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Piovella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Fisica \u201cAldo Pontremoli\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy","INFN Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2403-0776","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica \u201cAldo Pontremoli\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INFN Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136779"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057956289","display_name":"Stefano Olivares","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9251-0731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136779","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/04w4m6z96","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210136779"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Olivares","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Fisica \u201cAldo Pontremoli\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy","INFN Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9251-0731","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica \u201cAldo Pontremoli\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INFN Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136779"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040199127"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943","https://openalex.org/I4210136779"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12210959,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"10","first_page":"1817","last_page":"1817"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11414","display_name":"Quantum optics and atomic interactions","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11449","display_name":"Mechanical and Optical Resonators","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superradiance","display_name":"Superradiance","score":0.8622134923934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.7930977940559387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excited-state","display_name":"Excited state","score":0.6266530752182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-entanglement","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","score":0.6083866357803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-physics","display_name":"Atomic physics","score":0.5926481485366821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atom","display_name":"Atom (system on chip)","score":0.5485528111457825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spontaneous-emission","display_name":"Spontaneous emission","score":0.4289029836654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excitation","display_name":"Excitation","score":0.4256821870803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.39386555552482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.3321170508861542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.19646885991096497}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37829102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3063080","display_name":"Superradiance","level":3,"score":0.8622134923934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.7930977940559387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181500209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215328","display_name":"Excited state","level":2,"score":0.6266530752182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.6083866357803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.5926481485366821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58312451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817200","display_name":"Atom (system on chip)","level":2,"score":0.5485528111457825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111154242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q923545","display_name":"Spontaneous emission","level":3,"score":0.4289029836654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83581075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361503","display_name":"Excitation","level":2,"score":0.4256821870803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.39386555552482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.3321170508861542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.19646885991096497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15101817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15101817","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/10/1817/pdf?version=1695621940","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:air.unimi.it:2434/1004568","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2434/1004568","pdf_url":"https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/1004568/2/2023_symmetry.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400516","display_name":"Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","host_organization_name":"University of Milan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:95e6f46fe80d4d468cb586bf00d487fd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/95e6f46fe80d4d468cb586bf00d487fd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 15, Iss 10, p 1817 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15101817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15101817","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/10/1817/pdf?version=1695621940","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387024454.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1595280671","https://openalex.org/W1967531184","https://openalex.org/W1968365982","https://openalex.org/W1976070343","https://openalex.org/W1977733098","https://openalex.org/W1999967685","https://openalex.org/W2000888785","https://openalex.org/W2003797093","https://openalex.org/W2009005535","https://openalex.org/W2012894966","https://openalex.org/W2013531419","https://openalex.org/W2017154611","https://openalex.org/W2027467005","https://openalex.org/W2043794735","https://openalex.org/W2043915619","https://openalex.org/W2057883617","https://openalex.org/W2059661732","https://openalex.org/W2064425239","https://openalex.org/W2066655722","https://openalex.org/W2067812234","https://openalex.org/W2069049349","https://openalex.org/W2082494725","https://openalex.org/W2090765638","https://openalex.org/W2116282415","https://openalex.org/W2126659841","https://openalex.org/W2141573056","https://openalex.org/W2152891913","https://openalex.org/W2207574757","https://openalex.org/W2236292510","https://openalex.org/W2378658103","https://openalex.org/W2561566585","https://openalex.org/W2612733772","https://openalex.org/W3099563638","https://openalex.org/W3101064627","https://openalex.org/W3101447797","https://openalex.org/W3187478585","https://openalex.org/W4283810600","https://openalex.org/W4365787422"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1568308292","https://openalex.org/W2085652592","https://openalex.org/W2001376016","https://openalex.org/W1981518466","https://openalex.org/W1972490691","https://openalex.org/W2467959310","https://openalex.org/W2789865814","https://openalex.org/W2261905422","https://openalex.org/W2168124972","https://openalex.org/W1965873382"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"works":[1],"have":[2],"shown":[3],"that":[4],"collective":[5,67],"single-photon":[6],"spontaneous":[7],"emission":[8,26,58],"from":[9,27,59,108],"an":[10,49],"ensemble":[11,150],"of":[12,21,32,80,84,93],"N":[13,33],"resonant":[14],"two-level":[15],"atoms":[16],"is":[17,54,138],"a":[18,28,36,42,66],"rich":[19],"field":[20],"study.":[22],"Superradiance":[23],"describes":[24],"the":[25,57,60,72,78,81,90,99,104,109,117,122,125,128,135,142,148,153,158],"completely":[29],"symmetric":[30,85,105],"state":[31,107],"atoms,":[34],"with":[35,41,56,65],"single":[37],"excited":[38],"atom":[39],"prepared":[40],"given":[43],"phase,":[44],"for":[45],"instance,":[46],"imprinted":[47],"by":[48,102,124],"external":[50,136],"laser.":[51,126],"Instead,":[52],"subradiance":[53],"associated":[55],"remaining":[61],"N\u22121":[62],"asymmetric":[63,87],"states,":[64],"decay":[68],"rate":[69],"less":[70],"than":[71],"single-atom":[73],"value.":[74],"Here,":[75],"we":[76,112,131],"discuss":[77],"properties":[79,92],"orthonormal":[82],"basis":[83],"and":[86,89,95,141],"states":[88],"entanglement":[91,146],"superradiant":[94,106,154],"subradiant":[96,110,118],"states.":[97],"On":[98,127],"one":[100],"hand,":[101,130],"separating":[103],"ones,":[111],"are":[113],"able":[114],"to":[115],"determine":[116],"fraction":[119,155],"induced":[120],"in":[121,147],"system":[123],"other":[129],"show":[132],"that,":[133],"as":[134],"laser":[137],"switched":[139],"off":[140],"atomic":[143,149],"excitation":[144],"decays,":[145],"appears":[151],"when":[152],"falls":[156],"below":[157],"threshold":[159],"1/N.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-20T23:28:44.954186","created_date":"2023-09-26T00:00:00"}