{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383535796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15071377","title":"Symmetry-Based Fusion Algorithm for Bone Age Detection with YOLOv5 and ResNet34","display_name":"Symmetry-Based Fusion Algorithm for Bone Age Detection with YOLOv5 and ResNet34","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383535796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15071377"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15071377","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15071377","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/7/1377/pdf?version=1688710356","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/7/1377/pdf?version=1688710356","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039355785","display_name":"Wenshun Sheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5393-2889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenshun Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pujiang Institute, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211200, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5393-2889","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pujiang Institute, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211200, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040391223","display_name":"Jiahui Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1236-6099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahui Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pujiang Institute, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211200, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pujiang Institute, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211200, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102843024","display_name":"Qiming Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3413-1954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiming Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pujiang Institute, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211200, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pujiang Institute, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211200, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064261982","display_name":"Zhixuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8158-7127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhixuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pujiang Institute, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211200, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pujiang Institute, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211200, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111094266","display_name":"Jiayan Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0305-2784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayan Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pujiang Institute, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211200, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pujiang Institute, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211200, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102970881","display_name":"Qi Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4434-656X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pujiang Institute, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211200, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pujiang Institute, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211200, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078292373","display_name":"Lan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7052-266X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pujiang Institute, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211200, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pujiang Institute, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211200, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039355785"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":6.3314,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95692992,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"7","first_page":"1377","last_page":"1377"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13324","display_name":"Scientific and Engineering Research Topics","score":0.9140999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-age","display_name":"Bone age","score":0.6044739484786987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5979435443878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5152888298034668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-development","display_name":"Bone development","score":0.4940486252307892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4622485637664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-bone","display_name":"Human bone","score":0.4276649057865143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.425054669380188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3618301749229431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.31201082468032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.12144604325294495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.11630892753601074}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89551170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1777274","display_name":"Bone age","level":2,"score":0.6044739484786987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5979435443878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5152888298034668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992191624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265868","display_name":"Bone development","level":2,"score":0.4940486252307892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4622485637664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993373878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9621","display_name":"Human bone","level":3,"score":0.4276649057865143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.425054669380188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3618301749229431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.31201082468032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.12144604325294495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11630892753601074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15071377","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15071377","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/7/1377/pdf?version=1688710356","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a3a54dee82fc40fba4a0822f7530bbb0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a3a54dee82fc40fba4a0822f7530bbb0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 15, Iss 7, p 1377 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/15/7/1377/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15071377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15071377","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15071377","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/7/1377/pdf?version=1688710356","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324983","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327794","display_name":"Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383535796.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44634981","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2381966491","https://openalex.org/W2592765733","https://openalex.org/W2788923859","https://openalex.org/W3031243023","https://openalex.org/W3081066422","https://openalex.org/W3082122346","https://openalex.org/W3207372247","https://openalex.org/W4205900964","https://openalex.org/W4207057737","https://openalex.org/W6778918535"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312874002","https://openalex.org/W1957195117","https://openalex.org/W2372279616","https://openalex.org/W2360708193","https://openalex.org/W2168952251","https://openalex.org/W4205809258","https://openalex.org/W2063602502","https://openalex.org/W2339108908","https://openalex.org/W3141447575","https://openalex.org/W1574000430"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bone":[0],"age":[1,5,48,57,79,104,129,150,180,203,277,286,303,331],"is":[2,81,143,185,225,249],"the":[3,16,26,42,97,111,115,119,122,127,140,146,158,189,210,213,229,238,243,253,260,263,267,272,275,281,297,306,312,327,339],"chronological":[4],"of":[6,15,18,28,44,99,132,148,255,262,266,274,301,316,319,329,342],"human":[7,29,100],"bones,":[8,102],"which":[9,184,323],"serves":[10],"as":[11,145],"a":[12],"key":[13,317],"indicator":[14],"maturity":[17],"bone":[19,47,53,56,78,103,128,149,179,202,215,231,276,285,302,321,330],"development":[20,38],"and":[21,31,36,89,92,118,164,235,246,258,292,299,305],"can":[22,106,294,324],"more":[23,65,68],"objectively":[24],"reflect":[25],"extent":[27],"growth":[30],"development.":[32],"The":[33,284],"prevalent":[34],"viewpoint":[35],"research":[37],"direction":[39],"now":[40],"favor":[41],"employment":[43],"deep":[45,313],"learning-based":[46],"detection":[49,58,80,105,130,151,181,287],"algorithms":[50],"to":[51,64,71,74,96,175,195,199,227,233,251],"determine":[52],"age.":[54],"Although":[55],"accuracy":[59,298],"has":[60,308],"increased":[61],"when":[62],"compared":[63],"established":[66],"methods,":[67],"work":[69],"needs":[70],"be":[72,107],"conducted":[73],"raise":[75],"it":[76],"because":[77],"primarily":[82],"used":[83,226,250],"in":[84,152,172,212,242,311],"clinical":[85],"medicine,":[86],"forensic":[87],"identification,":[88],"other":[90,125],"critical":[91],"rigorous":[93],"fields.":[94],"Due":[95],"symmetry":[98],"hand":[101,113,142,214,230,244,320],"performed":[108],"on":[109,290,338],"either":[110],"left":[112,141],"or":[114],"right":[116],"hand,":[117],"results":[120,131],"are":[121,135,170,217],"same.":[123],"In":[124,137,207],"words,":[126],"both":[133],"hands":[134],"universal.":[136],"this":[138,153,173,208],"regard,":[139],"chosen":[144],"target":[147],"paper.":[154],"To":[155],"accomplish":[156],"this,":[157],"You":[159],"Only":[160],"Look":[161],"Once-v5":[162],"(YOLOv5)":[163],"Residual":[165],"Network-34":[166],"(ResNet34)":[167],"integration":[168],"techniques":[169],"combined":[171,187],"paper":[174],"create":[176],"an":[177],"innovative":[178],"model":[182,288,307],"(YARN),":[183],"then":[186,223],"with":[188,220,280],"RUS-CHN":[190,282],"scoring":[191],"method":[192],"that":[193],"applies":[194],"Chinese":[196],"adolescent":[197],"children":[198],"comprehensively":[200],"assess":[201],"at":[204],"multiple":[205],"levels.":[206],"study,":[209],"images":[211],"dataset":[216,232,341],"first":[218],"preprocessed":[219],"number":[221],"enhancement,":[222],"YOLOv5":[224,291],"train":[228],"identify":[234],"filter":[236],"out":[237],"main":[239],"13":[240],"joints":[241,257],"bone,":[245],"finally,":[247],"ResNet34":[248,293],"complete":[252,326],"classification":[254],"local":[256],"achieve":[259],"determination":[261],"developmental":[264],"level":[265],"detected":[268],"region,":[269],"followed":[270],"by":[271,278],"calculation":[273],"combining":[279],"method.":[283],"based":[289],"significantly":[295],"improve":[296],"efficiency":[300],"detection,":[304],"significant":[309],"advantages":[310],"feature":[314],"extraction":[315],"regions":[318],"joints,":[322],"efficiently":[325],"task":[328],"detection.":[332],"This":[333],"was":[334],"discovered":[335],"through":[336],"experiments":[337],"public":[340],"Flying":[343],"Paddle":[344],"AI":[345],"Studio.":[346]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}