{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381165205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15061280","title":"Computer Network Redundancy Reduction Using Video Compression","display_name":"Computer Network Redundancy Reduction Using Video Compression","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381165205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15061280"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15061280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15061280","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/6/1280/pdf?version=1687157286","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/6/1280/pdf?version=1687157286","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029191317","display_name":"Shabana Habib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6543-2520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092650","display_name":"Buraydah Colleges","ror":"https://ror.org/00j0krs40","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092650"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shabana Habib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6543-2520","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236","https://openalex.org/I4210092650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037364292","display_name":"Waleed Albattah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0292-7304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092650","display_name":"Buraydah Colleges","ror":"https://ror.org/00j0krs40","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092650"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waleed Albattah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0292-7304","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236","https://openalex.org/I4210092650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078563685","display_name":"Mohammed F. Alsharekh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9021-180X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed F. Alsharekh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Unaizah College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9021-180X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Unaizah College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024192822","display_name":"Muhammad Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2379-4451"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Onaizah Colleges, Onaizah 56447, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2379-4451","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Onaizah Colleges, Onaizah 56447, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029947506","display_name":"Mohammad Munawar Shees","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Munawar Shees","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Onaizah Colleges, Onaizah 56447, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Onaizah Colleges, Onaizah 56447, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040216869","display_name":"Hammad Iqbal Sherazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4622-3763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hammad I. Sherazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Unaizah College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Unaizah College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029191317"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236","https://openalex.org/I4210092650"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.1336,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37223315,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"6","first_page":"1280","last_page":"1280"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-compensation","display_name":"Motion compensation","score":0.7749775648117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7637448906898499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quarter-pixel-motion","display_name":"Quarter-pixel motion","score":0.6864938139915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-matching-algorithm","display_name":"Block-matching algorithm","score":0.6811875104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-estimation","display_name":"Motion estimation","score":0.6468130350112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.6362581849098206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.6034910082817078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-vector","display_name":"Motion vector","score":0.6013969779014587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression-ratio","display_name":"Data compression ratio","score":0.5260303616523743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4375474750995636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rate\u2013distortion-optimization","display_name":"Rate\u2013distortion optimization","score":0.4152637720108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-compression","display_name":"Signal compression","score":0.4113011360168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.385891854763031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34521394968032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-compression","display_name":"Image compression","score":0.2564968466758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.2534407377243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-processing","display_name":"Video processing","score":0.23670694231987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.14035660028457642}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128840427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1302174","display_name":"Motion compensation","level":2,"score":0.7749775648117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7637448906898499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174493125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073461","display_name":"Quarter-pixel motion","level":3,"score":0.6864938139915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167510206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835824","display_name":"Block-matching algorithm","level":4,"score":0.6811875104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10161872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557891","display_name":"Motion estimation","level":2,"score":0.6468130350112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6362581849098206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.6034910082817078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779020251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3555171","display_name":"Motion vector","level":3,"score":0.6013969779014587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94835093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3113333","display_name":"Data compression ratio","level":5,"score":0.5260303616523743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4375474750995636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50056821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774502","display_name":"Rate\u2013distortion optimization","level":5,"score":0.4152637720108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778192920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16874989","display_name":"Signal compression","level":4,"score":0.4113011360168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.385891854763031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34521394968032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13481523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412438","display_name":"Image compression","level":4,"score":0.2564968466758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.2534407377243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65483669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3536669","display_name":"Video processing","level":2,"score":0.23670694231987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.14035660028457642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15061280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15061280","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/6/1280/pdf?version=1687157286","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:584291979958408987fdf24d25dacb26","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/584291979958408987fdf24d25dacb26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 15, Iss 6, p 1280 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/15/6/1280/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15061280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry; Volume 15; Issue 6; Pages: 1280","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15061280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15061280","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/6/1280/pdf?version=1687157286","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324403","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381165205.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W936703822","https://openalex.org/W1524198621","https://openalex.org/W1980598689","https://openalex.org/W1980850744","https://openalex.org/W2039181402","https://openalex.org/W2043220197","https://openalex.org/W2058889290","https://openalex.org/W2085219131","https://openalex.org/W2096143312","https://openalex.org/W2104537231","https://openalex.org/W2111780273","https://openalex.org/W2112432559","https://openalex.org/W2120619148","https://openalex.org/W2124935328","https://openalex.org/W2139116220","https://openalex.org/W2139467041","https://openalex.org/W2141109916","https://openalex.org/W2149468035","https://openalex.org/W2159293115","https://openalex.org/W2162287270","https://openalex.org/W2162910287","https://openalex.org/W2189442301","https://openalex.org/W2238537949","https://openalex.org/W2548991935","https://openalex.org/W2896732071","https://openalex.org/W2942466912","https://openalex.org/W3016947664","https://openalex.org/W3023751456","https://openalex.org/W4200518680","https://openalex.org/W4220953170","https://openalex.org/W4303981139","https://openalex.org/W6687109008"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285350705","https://openalex.org/W2116783070","https://openalex.org/W2532726200","https://openalex.org/W2145413589","https://openalex.org/W2378569911","https://openalex.org/W2518504864","https://openalex.org/W2358224070","https://openalex.org/W2012995330","https://openalex.org/W1948745991","https://openalex.org/W2366349316"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,31,81,90,114,158],"the":[2,40,43,49,60,65,69,83,92,102,106,116,122,128,137,154,176,183],"strong":[3],"correlation":[4],"between":[5,127],"symmetric":[6,28],"frames,":[7],"video":[8,29,103,123,139],"signals":[9],"have":[10],"a":[11,145,169,188],"high":[12],"degree":[13],"of":[14,48,67,101,121,131,136,147,172,191],"temporal":[15,33,108],"redundancy.":[16,34],"Motion":[17,56],"estimation":[18,52],"techniques":[19],"are":[20],"computationally":[21],"expensive":[22],"and":[23,46,53,119,134,151,164,175,193],"time-consuming":[24],"processes":[25],"used":[26],"in":[27,79,98,112,196],"compression":[30,140,185,189],"reduce":[32],"The":[35],"block-matching":[36,61],"technique":[37,62,111,133,186],"is,":[38],"on":[39,59,168],"other":[41],"hand,":[42],"most":[44],"popular":[45],"efficient":[47],"different":[50],"motion":[51,85],"compensation":[54,57],"techniques.":[55],"based":[58],"generally":[63],"uses":[64],"minimization":[66],"either":[68],"mean":[70,75],"square":[71],"error":[72],"(MSE)":[73],"or":[74],"absolute":[76],"difference":[77],"(MAD)":[78],"order":[80,113],"find":[82],"appropriate":[84],"vector.":[86],"This":[87],"paper":[88],"proposes":[89],"remove":[91],"highly":[93],"temporally":[94],"redundant":[95],"information":[96,208],"contained":[97],"each":[99],"block":[100],"signal":[104,204],"using":[105],"removing":[107],"redundancy":[109],"(RTR)":[110],"improve":[115],"data":[117],"rate":[118,198],"efficiency":[120],"signal.":[124],"A":[125],"comparison":[126],"PSNR":[129],"values":[130],"this":[132],"those":[135],"JPEG":[138],"standard":[141],"is":[142,180],"made.":[143],"As":[144],"result":[146],"its":[148],"moderate":[149],"memory":[150],"computation":[152],"requirements,":[153],"algorithm":[155],"was":[156],"found":[157],"be":[159],"suitable":[160],"for":[161],"mobile":[162],"networks":[163],"embedded":[165],"devices.":[166],"Based":[167],"detailed":[170],"set":[171],"testing":[173],"scenarios":[174],"obtained":[177],"results,":[178],"it":[179],"evident":[181],"that":[182],"RTR":[184],"allowed":[187],"ratio":[190],"22.71":[192],"95%":[194],"loss":[195],"bit":[197],"reduction":[199],"while":[200],"maintaining":[201],"sufficient":[202],"intact":[203],"quality":[205],"with":[206],"minimized":[207],"loss.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2023-06-20T00:00:00"}