{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378083362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15061131","title":"An Intelligent Approach to Determine Component Volume Percentages in a Symmetrical Homogeneous Three-Phase Fluid in Scaled Pipe Conditions","display_name":"An Intelligent Approach to Determine Component Volume Percentages in a Symmetrical Homogeneous Three-Phase Fluid in Scaled Pipe Conditions","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378083362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15061131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15061131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15061131","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/6/1131/pdf?version=1684831656","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/6/1131/pdf?version=1684831656","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091187558","display_name":"Abdulilah Mohammad Mayet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7739-0105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulilah Mohammad Mayet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072154002","display_name":"Seyed Mehdi Alizadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0951-174X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67042835","display_name":"Australian University, Kuwait","ror":"https://ror.org/02029th93","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67042835"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seyed Mehdi Alizadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Petroleum Engineering Department, Australian University, West Mishref 13015, Kuwait"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Petroleum Engineering Department, Australian University, West Mishref 13015, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67042835"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024882833","display_name":"V. P. Thafasal Ijyas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4816-179X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. P. Thafasal Ijyas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068727276","display_name":"John William Grimaldo Guerrero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1632-5374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112678","display_name":"University of the Coast","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5nhr20","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112678"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John William Grimaldo Guerrero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007167422","display_name":"Neeraj Kumar Shukla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-3805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neeraj Kumar Shukla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036217054","display_name":"Javed Khan Bhutto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3261-9978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javed Khan Bhutto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041585248","display_name":"Ehsan Eftekhari-Zadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1480-1450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76198965","display_name":"Friedrich Schiller University Jena","ror":"https://ror.org/05qpz1x62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ehsan Eftekhari-Zadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014975731","display_name":"Ramy Mohammed Aiesh Qaisi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0968-5483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099699","display_name":"University of Jeddah","ror":"https://ror.org/015ya8798","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramy Mohammed Aiesh Qaisi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041585248","https://openalex.org/A5068727276"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112678","https://openalex.org/I76198965"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":1953,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2106},"fwci":0.3581,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57636635,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"6","first_page":"1131","last_page":"1131"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11949","display_name":"Nuclear Physics and Applications","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11949","display_name":"Nuclear Physics and Applications","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14319","display_name":"Currency Recognition and Detection","score":0.9589999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.7224447727203369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.6200432777404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","score":0.6076488494873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.5752596855163574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.46386757493019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.4585675001144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.449826180934906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-phase-flow","display_name":"Two-phase flow","score":0.4490243196487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.4403679668903351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3777753710746765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3045946955680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.29546868801116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.20457133650779724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1714363694190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1297166645526886}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.7224447727203369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.6200432777404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.6076488494873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.5752596855163574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.46386757493019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4585675001144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.449826180934906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144308804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232997","display_name":"Two-phase flow","level":3,"score":0.4490243196487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.4403679668903351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3777753710746765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3045946955680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.29546868801116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.20457133650779724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1714363694190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1297166645526886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15061131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15061131","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/6/1131/pdf?version=1684831656","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/13403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13403","pdf_url":"https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/8dec7c4d-1fbd-46f3-b0cf-174c4de15339/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196388","display_name":"DSPACE System - Metalibrary (University of the Coast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210112678","host_organization_name":"University of the Coast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112678"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/6/1131","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8e45e59b8ba0448ab12a808bd433fbde","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8e45e59b8ba0448ab12a808bd433fbde","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 15, Iss 6, p 1131 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/15/6/1131/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15061131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.db-thueringen.de:dbt_mods_00057555","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:27-dbt-20230607-142341-003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400120","display_name":"Common Library Network (Der Gemeinsame Bibliotheksverbund)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210149878","host_organization_name":"Verbundzentrale des GBV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149878"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doc-type:Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15061131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15061131","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/6/1131/pdf?version=1684831656","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378083362.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026495637","https://openalex.org/W2064141821","https://openalex.org/W2172414120","https://openalex.org/W2188989244","https://openalex.org/W2320950607","https://openalex.org/W2414472952","https://openalex.org/W2531592927","https://openalex.org/W2774867428","https://openalex.org/W2792277290","https://openalex.org/W2884605149","https://openalex.org/W2917223093","https://openalex.org/W2955653183","https://openalex.org/W2994800208","https://openalex.org/W3001487077","https://openalex.org/W3014398885","https://openalex.org/W3035920777","https://openalex.org/W3037889258","https://openalex.org/W3048628790","https://openalex.org/W3082348504","https://openalex.org/W3084360845","https://openalex.org/W3089215229","https://openalex.org/W3162767668","https://openalex.org/W3165709518","https://openalex.org/W3177321741","https://openalex.org/W3194638122","https://openalex.org/W3197211141","https://openalex.org/W3199114379","https://openalex.org/W3200179713","https://openalex.org/W3203644101","https://openalex.org/W3208855740","https://openalex.org/W3212463249","https://openalex.org/W4200486901","https://openalex.org/W4210780897","https://openalex.org/W4211254750","https://openalex.org/W4212950615","https://openalex.org/W4252644649","https://openalex.org/W4283273754","https://openalex.org/W4289711664","https://openalex.org/W4291012192","https://openalex.org/W4297478353","https://openalex.org/W4303968836","https://openalex.org/W4313287866","https://openalex.org/W6834519348"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062605435","https://openalex.org/W2273182195","https://openalex.org/W2186374051","https://openalex.org/W2377963109","https://openalex.org/W2022279172","https://openalex.org/W2352247021","https://openalex.org/W2145835458","https://openalex.org/W2059332403","https://openalex.org/W2066034608","https://openalex.org/W1990381203"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"time,":[1],"the":[2,7,15,19,133,144,147,167,178,181,188,194,198,202,211,220,231,234,241,244,248,254],"accumulation":[3],"of":[4,18,32,80,97,117,130,149,155,183,204,226,230,233,243,250,256],"scale":[5],"within":[6],"transmission":[8],"pipeline":[9],"results":[10],"in":[11,14,25,253],"a":[12,23,33,46,64,77,137,156,205],"decrease":[13],"internal":[16],"diameter":[17],"pipe,":[20,157],"leading":[21],"to":[22,44,217],"decline":[24],"efficiency":[26],"and":[27,84,90,100,185,247,258],"energy":[28],"waste.":[29],"The":[30,58,170,236],"employment":[31],"gamma":[34,86,150],"ray":[35],"attenuation":[36],"system":[37,68,78],"that":[38,124,135],"is":[39,121,126,215],"non-invasive":[40],"has":[41],"been":[42],"found":[43],"be":[45],"highly":[47],"precise":[48],"diagnostic":[49],"technique":[50,246],"for":[51,62],"identifying":[52],"volumetric":[53,221],"percentages":[54,110,222],"across":[55,107],"various":[56],"states.":[57],"most":[59],"appropriate":[60],"setup":[61],"simulating":[63],"volume":[65,109],"percentage":[66],"detection":[67],"through":[69,114],"Monte":[70],"Carlo":[71],"N":[72],"particle":[73],"(MCNP)":[74],"simulations":[75],"involves":[76],"consisting":[79,96],"two":[81,163],"NaI":[82],"detectors":[83,164],"dual-energy":[85],"sources,":[87],"namely":[88,177],"241Am":[89,184],"133Ba":[91,186],"radioisotopes.":[92],"A":[93],"three-phase":[94],"flow":[95,105,131,139],"oil,":[98],"water,":[99],"gas":[101],"exhibits":[102],"symmetrical":[103],"homogenous":[104,138],"characteristics":[106],"varying":[108,118],"as":[111,191,193],"it":[112,214],"traverses":[113],"scaled":[115],"pipes":[116],"thicknesses.":[119],"It":[120],"worth":[122],"mentioning":[123],"there":[125],"an":[127,224],"axial":[128],"symmetry":[129],"inside":[132],"pipe":[134],"creates":[136],"pattern.":[140],"In":[141],"this":[142],"study,":[143],"experiment":[145],"involved":[146],"emission":[148],"rays":[151],"from":[152,187,197],"one":[153],"end":[154],"with":[158,223],"photons":[159],"being":[160],"absorbed":[161],"by":[162],"located":[165],"at":[166],"other":[168],"end.":[169],"resulting":[171],"data":[172],"included":[173],"three":[174],"distinct":[175],"features,":[176],"counts":[179],"under":[180,227],"photopeaks":[182],"first":[189],"detector":[190],"well":[192],"total":[195],"count":[196],"second":[199],"detector.":[200],"Through":[201],"implementation":[203,252],"two-output":[206],"MLP":[207],"neural":[208],"network":[209],"utilising":[210],"aforementioned":[212],"inputs,":[213],"possible":[216],"accurately":[218],"forecast":[219],"RMSE":[225],"1.22,":[228],"regardless":[229],"thickness":[232],"scale.":[235],"minimal":[237],"error":[238],"value":[239],"ensures":[240],"efficacy":[242],"proposed":[245],"practicality":[249],"its":[251],"domains":[255],"petroleum":[257],"petrochemicals.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2023-05-25T00:00:00"}