{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4367844740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15051017","title":"The Symmetric Active Site of Enantiospecific Enzymes","display_name":"The Symmetric Active Site of Enantiospecific Enzymes","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4367844740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15051017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15051017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15051017","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/5/1017/pdf?version=1683332347","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/5/1017/pdf?version=1683332347","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088194056","display_name":"Elena Rosini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8384-7992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115752224","display_name":"University of Insubria","ror":"https://ror.org/00s409261","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115752224"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Rosini","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u201cThe Protein Factory 2.0\u201d, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy","\"The Protein Factory 2.0\", Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8384-7992","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u201cThe Protein Factory 2.0\u201d, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115752224"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\"The Protein Factory 2.0\", Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115752224"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003169557","display_name":"Loredano Pollegioni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1733-7243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115752224","display_name":"University of Insubria","ror":"https://ror.org/00s409261","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115752224"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loredano Pollegioni","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u201cThe Protein Factory 2.0\u201d, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy","\"The Protein Factory 2.0\", Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1733-7243","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u201cThe Protein Factory 2.0\u201d, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115752224"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\"The Protein Factory 2.0\", Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115752224"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019160604","display_name":"Gianluca Molla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3688-3397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115752224","display_name":"University of Insubria","ror":"https://ror.org/00s409261","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115752224"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gianluca Molla","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u201cThe Protein Factory 2.0\u201d, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy","\"The Protein Factory 2.0\", Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3688-3397","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u201cThe Protein Factory 2.0\u201d, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115752224"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\"The Protein Factory 2.0\", Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115752224"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019160604"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115752224"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.3507,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6308649,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"5","first_page":"1017","last_page":"1017"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12770","display_name":"Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12770","display_name":"Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11162","display_name":"Enzyme Structure and Function","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10044","display_name":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amino-acid","display_name":"Amino acid","score":0.7939670085906982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enzyme","display_name":"Enzyme","score":0.5888277292251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enantiomer","display_name":"Enantiomer","score":0.523413896560669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomolecule","display_name":"Biomolecule","score":0.47820568084716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereochemistry","display_name":"Stereochemistry","score":0.4700079560279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry","display_name":"Biochemistry","score":0.4667397439479828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.4435881972312927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enantioselective-synthesis","display_name":"Enantioselective synthesis","score":0.4319721460342407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-site","display_name":"Active site","score":0.425325483083725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.4032554030418396}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.7939670085906982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.5888277292251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C486523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494483","display_name":"Enantiomer","level":2,"score":0.523413896560669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49853544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206229","display_name":"Biomolecule","level":2,"score":0.47820568084716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71240020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186011","display_name":"Stereochemistry","level":1,"score":0.4700079560279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.4667397439479828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4435881972312927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146686406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898628","display_name":"Enantioselective synthesis","level":3,"score":0.4319721460342407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41183919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423026","display_name":"Active site","level":3,"score":0.425325483083725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4032554030418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15051017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15051017","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/5/1017/pdf?version=1683332347","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:irinsubria.uninsubria.it:11383/2153873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11383/2153873","pdf_url":"https://irinsubria.uninsubria.it/bitstream/11383/2153873/1/Rosini2023_Symmetry.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196351","display_name":"IrInSubria (University of Insubria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I115752224","host_organization_name":"University of Insubria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115752224"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:56b1c22a35b14b2d80192e991fbc82ad","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/56b1c22a35b14b2d80192e991fbc82ad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 15, Iss 5, p 1017 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/15/5/1017/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15051017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15051017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15051017","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/5/1017/pdf?version=1683332347","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315910","display_name":"Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie","ror":"https://ror.org/03ka4h071"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4367844740.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":122,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73242948","https://openalex.org/W1049784724","https://openalex.org/W1533167268","https://openalex.org/W1560269696","https://openalex.org/W1569294731","https://openalex.org/W1570525153","https://openalex.org/W1589282929","https://openalex.org/W1602626372","https://openalex.org/W1793612468","https://openalex.org/W1963045321","https://openalex.org/W1963636634","https://openalex.org/W1964613132","https://openalex.org/W1971529743","https://openalex.org/W1972085708","https://openalex.org/W1972526828","https://openalex.org/W1972817921","https://openalex.org/W1975268559","https://openalex.org/W1976233275","https://openalex.org/W1977857718","https://openalex.org/W1985674604","https://openalex.org/W1990224324","https://openalex.org/W1991792422","https://openalex.org/W1995832224","https://openalex.org/W1998269070","https://openalex.org/W1998346178","https://openalex.org/W1999728411","https://openalex.org/W2000163256","https://openalex.org/W2011117495","https://openalex.org/W2011740361","https://openalex.org/W2012005596","https://openalex.org/W2014054174","https://openalex.org/W2014532463","https://openalex.org/W2015647961","https://openalex.org/W2018619476","https://openalex.org/W2021528308","https://openalex.org/W2024335779","https://openalex.org/W2024355856","https://openalex.org/W2027582677","https://openalex.org/W2029518393","https://openalex.org/W2029788176","https://openalex.org/W2031824126","https://openalex.org/W2032397419","https://openalex.org/W2032998154","https://openalex.org/W2035943254","https://openalex.org/W2051715563","https://openalex.org/W2053593517","https://openalex.org/W2054860637","https://openalex.org/W2055538334","https://openalex.org/W2056939314","https://openalex.org/W2056987006","https://openalex.org/W2060392955","https://openalex.org/W2065059911","https://openalex.org/W2067918011","https://openalex.org/W2073373061","https://openalex.org/W2073401537","https://openalex.org/W2080899182","https://openalex.org/W2084092550","https://openalex.org/W2085721157","https://openalex.org/W2086555637","https://openalex.org/W2089530500","https://openalex.org/W2091264850","https://openalex.org/W2091705101","https://openalex.org/W2117465971","https://openalex.org/W2123748366","https://openalex.org/W2127597332","https://openalex.org/W2139746885","https://openalex.org/W2151444110","https://openalex.org/W2151755157","https://openalex.org/W2151773575","https://openalex.org/W2152156197","https://openalex.org/W2152194296","https://openalex.org/W2153965936","https://openalex.org/W2162255907","https://openalex.org/W2165802825","https://openalex.org/W2170045465","https://openalex.org/W2203414720","https://openalex.org/W2251304906","https://openalex.org/W2315633551","https://openalex.org/W2336356249","https://openalex.org/W2405738831","https://openalex.org/W2473469284","https://openalex.org/W2523165886","https://openalex.org/W2523732502","https://openalex.org/W2548063830","https://openalex.org/W2578784145","https://openalex.org/W2608423479","https://openalex.org/W2613114374","https://openalex.org/W2615104605","https://openalex.org/W2619145098","https://openalex.org/W2621293662","https://openalex.org/W2727091040","https://openalex.org/W2745045846","https://openalex.org/W2752506026","https://openalex.org/W2782414731","https://openalex.org/W2891446866","https://openalex.org/W2896089853","https://openalex.org/W2897614183","https://openalex.org/W2898746862","https://openalex.org/W2920428197","https://openalex.org/W2920573059","https://openalex.org/W2975191599","https://openalex.org/W2989563048","https://openalex.org/W2995407105","https://openalex.org/W3002830925","https://openalex.org/W3006196061","https://openalex.org/W3008607691","https://openalex.org/W3012317413","https://openalex.org/W3022053080","https://openalex.org/W3025081413","https://openalex.org/W3031223968","https://openalex.org/W3083242319","https://openalex.org/W3144875699","https://openalex.org/W3164133084","https://openalex.org/W4200345125","https://openalex.org/W4223465604","https://openalex.org/W4232488865","https://openalex.org/W4249707030","https://openalex.org/W6635871807","https://openalex.org/W6641115650","https://openalex.org/W6666058139","https://openalex.org/W6684537624","https://openalex.org/W6747747229"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206261876","https://openalex.org/W3155189705","https://openalex.org/W2118332265","https://openalex.org/W2952040026","https://openalex.org/W2949633962","https://openalex.org/W4206608877","https://openalex.org/W2086778627","https://openalex.org/W4383065574","https://openalex.org/W2507291698","https://openalex.org/W4241564391"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Biomolecules":[0],"are":[1,142],"frequently":[2,143],"chiral":[3,16,52],"compounds,":[4],"existing":[5],"in":[6,27,74,100],"enantiomeric":[7],"forms.":[8],"Amino":[9],"acids":[10,23,79,109],"represent":[11],"a":[12,123,146],"meaningful":[13],"example":[14],"of":[15,34,63,66,68,77,97,107,139],"biological":[17,102],"molecules.":[18],"Both":[19],"L-":[20],"and":[21,31,51,58,85],"D-amino":[22],"play":[24],"key":[25],"roles":[26],"the":[28,46,60,64,69,75,89,95,105,136],"biochemical":[29],"structure":[30],"metabolic":[32],"processes":[33],"living":[35],"organisms,":[36],"from":[37,122,132],"bacteria":[38],"to":[39,87,112],"mammals.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42],"review,":[43],"we":[44],"explore":[45],"enantiospecific":[47],"interaction":[48],"between":[49],"proteins":[50],"amino":[53,78,81,108],"acids,":[54],"introducing":[55],"theoretical":[56],"models":[57],"describing":[59],"molecular":[61],"basis":[62],"ability":[65],"some":[67],"most":[70],"important":[71],"enzymes":[72,116,141],"involved":[73],"metabolism":[76],"(i.e.,":[80],"acid":[82],"oxidases,":[83],"dehydrogenases,":[84],"aminotransferases)":[86],"discriminate":[88],"opposite":[90],"enantiomers.":[91],"Our":[92],"analysis":[93],"showcases":[94],"power":[96],"natural":[98],"evolution":[99],"shaping":[101],"processes.":[103],"Accordingly,":[104],"importance":[106],"spurred":[110],"nature":[111],"evolve":[113],"strictly":[114],"enantioselective":[115],"both":[117],"through":[118,128],"divergent":[119],"evolution,":[120,130],"starting":[121,131],"common":[124],"ancestral":[125],"protein,":[126],"or":[127],"convergent":[129],"different":[133],"scaffolds:":[134],"intriguingly,":[135],"active":[137],"sites":[138],"these":[140],"related":[144],"by":[145],"mirror":[147],"symmetry.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}