{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366826569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15040956","title":"The Facial Expression Data Enhancement Method Induced by Improved StarGAN V2","display_name":"The Facial Expression Data Enhancement Method Induced by Improved StarGAN V2","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366826569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15040956"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15040956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15040956","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/4/956/pdf?version=1682232263","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/4/956/pdf?version=1682232263","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016297325","display_name":"Baojin Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0601-0096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Baojin Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Affective Computing and Advanced Intelligent Machine, School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China","Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Affective Computing and Advanced Intelligent Machine, School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091586702","display_name":"Min Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2122-0240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Affective Computing and Advanced Intelligent Machine, School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China","Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Affective Computing and Advanced Intelligent Machine, School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016297325"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.3392,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82588632,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"956","last_page":"956"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.7121858596801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6252716183662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.606894850730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.5718168020248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5157938003540039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.48610854148864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.481429785490036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44253769516944885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.7121858596801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6252716183662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.606894850730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5718168020248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5157938003540039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.48610854148864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.481429785490036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44253769516944885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15040956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15040956","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/4/956/pdf?version=1682232263","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f2bc2b6eb90c439089f55bd06f5e8db1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f2bc2b6eb90c439089f55bd06f5e8db1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 15, Iss 4, p 956 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/15/4/956/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15040956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15040956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15040956","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/4/956/pdf?version=1682232263","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7715558449","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PA2022GDSK0068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8137922356","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62176084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G835042968","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62176083","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8597894668","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PA2022GDSK0066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8951484681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326536","display_name":"Hefei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5rdf64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328099","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366826569.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573760330","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2103943262","https://openalex.org/W2557902449","https://openalex.org/W2597949081","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2798285655","https://openalex.org/W2888343838","https://openalex.org/W2889978276","https://openalex.org/W2896277673","https://openalex.org/W2914402309","https://openalex.org/W2925355748","https://openalex.org/W2937696805","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963767194","https://openalex.org/W2976628000","https://openalex.org/W2983751658","https://openalex.org/W2996906606","https://openalex.org/W3034600949","https://openalex.org/W3037439697","https://openalex.org/W3039961328","https://openalex.org/W3087738417","https://openalex.org/W3092824962","https://openalex.org/W3093232475","https://openalex.org/W3106605409","https://openalex.org/W3107493413","https://openalex.org/W3119213473","https://openalex.org/W3120598210","https://openalex.org/W3122955671","https://openalex.org/W3124241913","https://openalex.org/W3130875629","https://openalex.org/W3133444026","https://openalex.org/W3149366360","https://openalex.org/W3160979663","https://openalex.org/W3191969609","https://openalex.org/W3197069310","https://openalex.org/W3197660765","https://openalex.org/W3215476595","https://openalex.org/W4205166102","https://openalex.org/W4210905286","https://openalex.org/W4220672327","https://openalex.org/W4237714246","https://openalex.org/W4281998067","https://openalex.org/W4283749433","https://openalex.org/W4285252854","https://openalex.org/W4287735919","https://openalex.org/W4288926278","https://openalex.org/W4292342913","https://openalex.org/W4294068743","https://openalex.org/W4294311511","https://openalex.org/W4301206121","https://openalex.org/W4304183744","https://openalex.org/W6683817158","https://openalex.org/W6735031085","https://openalex.org/W6752378368","https://openalex.org/W6765779288","https://openalex.org/W6790827927","https://openalex.org/W6811109130","https://openalex.org/W6842309121"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2642127892","https://openalex.org/W2788191623","https://openalex.org/W3093158276","https://openalex.org/W4200417262","https://openalex.org/W3198510459","https://openalex.org/W4308217387","https://openalex.org/W3151908889","https://openalex.org/W2904616728","https://openalex.org/W4224217118","https://openalex.org/W2974859913"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,103,136,139,154],"the":[2,10,15,42,46,50,94,104,116,120,127,142,145,150,156,161,180,183,187,196,206,210,230,234,246,256],"small":[3],"data":[4,25],"and":[5,34,79,134,165,198],"unbalanced":[6],"sample":[7],"distribution":[8],"in":[9,69,182],"existing":[11],"facial":[12,18,72,81,121,170,207,231],"emotion":[13],"datasets,":[14],"effect":[16],"of":[17,49,59,96,106,119,144,163,205,222,229,245],"expression":[19,73,82,122,130,171],"recognition":[20,203,227],"is":[21,45,215,240],"not":[22],"ideal.":[23],"Traditional":[24],"augmentation":[26],"methods":[27],"include":[28],"image":[29,32,35,131],"angle":[30],"modification,":[31],"shearing,":[33],"scrambling.":[36],"The":[37,109,168,191,201,225],"above":[38],"approaches":[39],"cannot":[40],"solve":[41,179],"problem":[43],"that":[44,99,159,174,221,244,255],"high":[47],"similarity":[48],"generated":[51,128,146],"images.":[52,83,123,167],"StarGAN":[53,90,107,189,223,247,258],"V2":[54,91,248,259],"can":[55,112],"generate":[56],"different":[57],"styles":[58],"images":[60,184],"across":[61],"multiple":[62],"domains.":[63],"Nevertheless,":[64],"there":[65],"are":[66],"some":[67],"defects":[68,181],"gener-ating":[70],"these":[71],"images,":[74],"such":[75,86],"as":[76],"crooked":[77],"mouths":[78],"fuzzy":[80],"To":[84],"service":[85],"problems,":[87],"we":[88,148],"improved":[89,176,257],"by":[92,186],"solving":[93],"drawbacks":[95],"creating":[97],"pictures":[98,172],"apply":[100],"an":[101],"SENet":[102,111],"generator":[105],"V2.":[108,190,224],"generator\u2019s":[110],"concentrate":[113],"at-tention":[114],"on":[115,195,209,233],"important":[117],"regions":[118],"Thus,":[124],"this":[125],"makes":[126],"symmetrical":[129],"more":[132],"obvious":[133],"easier":[135],"distinguish.":[137],"Meanwhile,":[138],"further":[140],"im-prove":[141],"quality":[143],"pictures,":[147],"customized":[149],"hinge":[151],"loss":[152,157],"function":[153],"reconstruct":[155],"functions":[158],"increase":[160],"boundary":[162],"real":[164],"fake":[166],"created":[169,185],"testified":[173],"our":[175],"model":[177],"could":[178],"original":[188],"experiments":[192],"were":[193],"conducted":[194],"CK+":[197,211],"MMI":[199,235],"datasets.":[200],"correct":[202,226],"rate":[204,228],"expressions":[208,232],"was":[212,237],"99.2031%,":[213],"which":[214,239],"a":[216],"1.4186%":[217],"higher":[218,242],"accuracy":[219],"than":[220,243,262],"displays":[236],"98.1378%,":[238],"5.059%":[241],"method.":[249],"Furthermore,":[250],"contrast":[251],"test":[252],"outcomes":[253],"proved":[254],"performed":[260],"better":[261],"most":[263],"state-of-the-art":[264],"methods.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}