{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4361003964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15040813","title":"The Linguistic Concept\u2019s Reduction Methods under Symmetric Linguistic-Evaluation Information","display_name":"The Linguistic Concept\u2019s Reduction Methods under Symmetric Linguistic-Evaluation Information","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4361003964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15040813"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15040813","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15040813","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/4/813/pdf?version=1679910039","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/4/813/pdf?version=1679910039","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004971220","display_name":"Hui Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8224-4698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Science and Technology College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Science and Technology College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081485819","display_name":"Ansheng Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3838-4647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ansheng Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Science and Technology College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Science and Technology College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042175660","display_name":"Guanli Yue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3760-4102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanli Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Science and Technology College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Science and Technology College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101438498","display_name":"Li Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7715-1603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44445938","display_name":"Shandong Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gbfax37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009797333","display_name":"Luis Mart\u0131\u0301nez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4245-8813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191420491","display_name":"Universidad de Ja\u00e9n","ror":"https://ror.org/0122p5f64","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191420491"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Martinez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191420491"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081485819","https://openalex.org/A5101438498"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876","https://openalex.org/I44445938"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0436774,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"813","last_page":"813"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10820","display_name":"Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems","score":0.967199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rough-set","display_name":"Rough set","score":0.6546235084533691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice","display_name":"Lattice (music)","score":0.5476481318473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granular-computing","display_name":"Granular computing","score":0.5323228240013123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4894212782382965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-concept-analysis","display_name":"Formal concept analysis","score":0.4806974530220032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.4674661457538605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4667136073112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4659838080406189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-set","display_name":"Fuzzy set","score":0.45237526297569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice-miner","display_name":"Lattice Miner","score":0.4106840491294861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.40899187326431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3434019386768341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.34318867325782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3012096881866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.10213419795036316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08927494287490845}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111012933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3137210","display_name":"Rough set","level":2,"score":0.6546235084533691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781204021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6497091","display_name":"Lattice (music)","level":2,"score":0.5476481318473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17209119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5596712","display_name":"Granular computing","level":3,"score":0.5323228240013123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4894212782382965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76363472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437394","display_name":"Formal concept analysis","level":2,"score":0.4806974530220032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4674661457538605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4667136073112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4659838080406189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.45237526297569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203136989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6497099","display_name":"Lattice Miner","level":3,"score":0.4106840491294861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.40899187326431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3434019386768341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.34318867325782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3012096881866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.10213419795036316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08927494287490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15040813","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15040813","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/4/813/pdf?version=1679910039","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2cc0dd259b294e81bf5b8cd199bd25f6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2cc0dd259b294e81bf5b8cd199bd25f6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 15, Iss 4, p 813 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/15/4/813/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15040813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry; Volume 15; Issue 4; Pages: 813","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15040813","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15040813","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/4/813/pdf?version=1679910039","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2854714719","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62176142","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6400205474","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LJ2020007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4361003964.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1774539926","https://openalex.org/W1829745705","https://openalex.org/W1941837079","https://openalex.org/W1967434199","https://openalex.org/W1984663816","https://openalex.org/W1993731375","https://openalex.org/W2025172647","https://openalex.org/W2031920400","https://openalex.org/W2077551526","https://openalex.org/W2087307984","https://openalex.org/W2091782431","https://openalex.org/W2094065702","https://openalex.org/W2102476898","https://openalex.org/W2148443116","https://openalex.org/W2156582682","https://openalex.org/W2167510151","https://openalex.org/W2199918042","https://openalex.org/W2276886973","https://openalex.org/W2276992463","https://openalex.org/W2516473705","https://openalex.org/W2778325458","https://openalex.org/W2794504349","https://openalex.org/W2810355536","https://openalex.org/W2889837801","https://openalex.org/W2889997302","https://openalex.org/W2902288057","https://openalex.org/W2908298888","https://openalex.org/W2922112089","https://openalex.org/W2955011149","https://openalex.org/W2966120476","https://openalex.org/W2977779273","https://openalex.org/W2991640799","https://openalex.org/W3001665931","https://openalex.org/W3011286765","https://openalex.org/W3023482151","https://openalex.org/W3038689651","https://openalex.org/W3097841884","https://openalex.org/W3106666892","https://openalex.org/W3109978705","https://openalex.org/W3113113724","https://openalex.org/W3126770016","https://openalex.org/W3162220063","https://openalex.org/W3167027669","https://openalex.org/W3211388698","https://openalex.org/W3214620214","https://openalex.org/W4220760913","https://openalex.org/W4245152641","https://openalex.org/W4255318870","https://openalex.org/W4280602521","https://openalex.org/W4281998067","https://openalex.org/W4294311511","https://openalex.org/W4294552035","https://openalex.org/W4303648539","https://openalex.org/W4306403614","https://openalex.org/W4307836764","https://openalex.org/W4310263539","https://openalex.org/W4312084336","https://openalex.org/W4313304617","https://openalex.org/W6675660505","https://openalex.org/W6795568466"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385082087","https://openalex.org/W59961068","https://openalex.org/W2114938325","https://openalex.org/W3041607660","https://openalex.org/W1527640492","https://openalex.org/W2914204498","https://openalex.org/W2091110802","https://openalex.org/W1941837079","https://openalex.org/W2589778809","https://openalex.org/W2150511584"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knowledge":[0],"reduction":[1,122,138,151,154],"is":[2,130,155,163],"a":[3,64,78,134],"crucial":[4],"topic":[5],"in":[6,17,25,45],"formal":[7],"concept":[8,60,70,80,89,99,112,149],"analysis.":[9,170],"There":[10],"always":[11],"exists":[12],"uncertain,":[13],"symmetric":[14,83],"linguistic-evaluation":[15,84],"information":[16,128],"social":[18],"life,":[19],"which":[20,72],"leads":[21],"to":[22,33,118,132],"high":[23],"complexity":[24],"the":[26,42,87,91,96,110,120,140,144,147,160],"process":[27],"of":[28,77,90,136,159],"knowledge":[29],"representation.":[30],"In":[31],"order":[32],"overcome":[34],"this":[35],"problem,":[36],"we":[37,62,94,107],"are":[38],"focused":[39],"on":[40,54,127],"studying":[41],"linguistic-concept-reduction":[43],"methods":[44],"an":[46,58],"uncertain":[47],"environment":[48],"with":[49,82],"fuzzy":[50],"linguistic":[51,68,98,111,148],"information.":[52,85],"Based":[53],"three-way":[55,66,79],"decisions":[56],"and":[57,103,115,143,152,168],"attribute-oriented":[59,67],"lattice,":[61,71,93,142],"construct":[63],"fuzzy-object-induced":[65],"(FOEAL)":[69],"provides":[73],"complementary":[74],"conceptual":[75],"structures":[76],"lattice":[81],"Through":[86],"granular":[88,100,104,121,150],"FOEAL":[92,141],"present":[95],"corresponding":[97],"consistent":[101],"set":[102],"reduction.":[105],"Then,":[106],"further":[108],"employ":[109],"discernibility":[113,116],"matrix":[114],"function":[117],"calculate":[119],"set.":[123],"A":[124],"similar":[125],"issue":[126],"entropy":[129,137,153],"investigated":[131],"introduce":[133],"method":[135,162],"for":[139],"relation":[145],"between":[146],"discussed.":[156],"The":[157],"efficiency":[158],"proposed":[161],"depicted":[164],"by":[165],"some":[166],"examples":[167],"comparative":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2023-03-30T00:00:00"}
