{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4328124031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15030769","title":"A Novel Heteromorphic Ensemble Algorithm for Hand Pose Recognition","display_name":"A Novel Heteromorphic Ensemble Algorithm for Hand Pose Recognition","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4328124031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15030769"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15030769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15030769","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/3/769/pdf?version=1679384451","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/3/769/pdf?version=1679384451","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083402029","display_name":"Shiruo Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiruo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046210290","display_name":"Xiaoguang Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7895-1899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoguang Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7895-1899","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068336830","display_name":"Wei Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1907-2664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025092193","display_name":"Aifeng Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1129-5601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aifeng Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1129-5601","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007895673","display_name":"Zhenyong Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyong Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006810592","display_name":"Zuheng Ming","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1094-3112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091279","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord","ror":"https://ror.org/0199hds37","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091279"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuheng Ming","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboraory of Information Processing and Transmission, L2TI, Institut Galil\u00e9e, University Paris XIII, 93079 Villetaneuse, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboraory of Information Processing and Transmission, L2TI, Institut Galil\u00e9e, University Paris XIII, 93079 Villetaneuse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019462442","display_name":"Adnan Zahid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5364-6057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adnan Zahid","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047892843","display_name":"Qammer H. Abbasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7097-9969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qammer Abbasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7097-9969","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100719231","display_name":"Shuo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0522-7867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046210290"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.1275,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44971537,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"769","last_page":"769"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10653","display_name":"Robot Manipulation and Learning","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8053010702133179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7226747870445251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.622249960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6141406893730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.6020129323005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5706659555435181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4644676744937897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.461281955242157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.4408893287181854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture-recognition","display_name":"Gesture recognition","score":0.4200698137283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.4070684313774109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39280712604522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09045213460922241}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8053010702133179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7226747870445251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.622249960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6141406893730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.6020129323005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5706659555435181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4644676744937897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.461281955242157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.4408893287181854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.4200698137283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.4070684313774109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39280712604522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09045213460922241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15030769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15030769","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/3/769/pdf?version=1679384451","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:294385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/294385/1/294385.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:da23629afd504778b31ecc82544fa5eb","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/da23629afd504778b31ecc82544fa5eb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 15, Iss 3, p 769 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/15/3/769/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15030769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15030769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15030769","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/3/769/pdf?version=1679384451","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6419395077","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201438","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4328124031.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973204444","https://openalex.org/W1993666393","https://openalex.org/W2047175992","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2103362776","https://openalex.org/W2108891751","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2127764091","https://openalex.org/W2127826640","https://openalex.org/W2134685484","https://openalex.org/W2144232362","https://openalex.org/W2169181282","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2771281733","https://openalex.org/W2792060773","https://openalex.org/W2793282010","https://openalex.org/W2802954634","https://openalex.org/W2806047223","https://openalex.org/W2888099010","https://openalex.org/W2921599623","https://openalex.org/W2952517693","https://openalex.org/W2963234092","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2963488642","https://openalex.org/W2998768810","https://openalex.org/W3006672203","https://openalex.org/W3010227584","https://openalex.org/W3016559075","https://openalex.org/W3035083776","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W3119049870","https://openalex.org/W3120863767","https://openalex.org/W3127847680","https://openalex.org/W3180134609","https://openalex.org/W3202626296","https://openalex.org/W4281395706","https://openalex.org/W4304183792","https://openalex.org/W4319072600","https://openalex.org/W6739901393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2902873204","https://openalex.org/W2185750513","https://openalex.org/W2010878661","https://openalex.org/W3147379364","https://openalex.org/W2026258298","https://openalex.org/W3204639664","https://openalex.org/W2970836791","https://openalex.org/W2989699735","https://openalex.org/W2944292463","https://openalex.org/W3014252901"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Imagining":[0],"recognition":[1,209],"of":[2,12,195,211],"behaviors":[3],"from":[4,33,74],"video":[5,75],"sequences":[6],"for":[7,83],"a":[8,112,186,206],"machine":[9,178],"is":[10,47,81,90,121,148,170],"full":[11],"challenges":[13],"but":[14],"meaningful.":[15],"This":[16],"work":[17],"aims":[18],"to":[19,35,49,68,159,172,184],"predict":[20],"students\u2019":[21],"behavior":[22,84],"in":[23],"an":[24],"experimental":[25],"class,":[26],"which":[27,128],"relies":[28],"on":[29,39,202],"the":[30,40,51,58,62,78,87,94,125,141,153,161,167,192],"symmetry":[31],"idea":[32,89],"reality":[34,37],"annotated":[36],"centered":[38],"feature":[41,70,106],"space.":[42],"A":[43],"heteromorphic":[44],"ensemble":[45],"algorithm":[46,80,197],"proposed":[48,122],"make":[50],"obtained":[52],"features":[53],"more":[54],"aggregated":[55],"and":[56,77,102,108,152,180],"reduce":[57],"computational":[59],"burden.":[60],"Namely,":[61],"deep":[63],"learning":[64],"models":[65],"are":[66,198],"improved":[67],"obtain":[69,160],"vectors":[71],"representing":[72],"gestures":[73],"frames":[76],"classification":[79],"optimized":[82],"recognition.":[85],"So,":[86],"symmetric":[88],"realized":[91],"by":[92,123,200],"decomposing":[93],"task":[95],"into":[96,150],"three":[97],"schemas":[98],"including":[99],"hand":[100,104,162],"detection":[101,119],"cropping,":[103],"joints":[105],"extraction,":[107],"gesture":[109],"classification.":[110],"Firstly,":[111],"new":[113],"detector":[114],"method":[115],"named":[116,189],"YOLOv4-specific":[117],"tiny":[118],"(STD)":[120],"reconstituting":[124],"YOLOv4-tiny":[126],"model,":[127],"could":[129],"produce":[130,185],"two":[131,174],"outputs":[132],"with":[133,205],"some":[134],"attention":[135,145],"mechanism":[136],"leveraging":[137],"context":[138],"information.":[139,165],"Secondly,":[140],"efficient":[142],"pyramid":[143,155],"squeeze":[144],"(EPSA)":[146],"net":[147],"integrated":[149],"EvoNorm-S0":[151],"spatial":[154],"pool":[156],"(SPP)":[157],"layer":[158],"joint":[163],"position":[164],"Lastly,":[166],"D\u2013S":[168],"theory":[169],"used":[171],"fuse":[173],"classifiers,":[175],"support":[176],"vector":[177],"(SVM)":[179],"random":[181],"forest":[182],"(RF),":[183],"mixed":[187],"classifier":[188],"S\u2013R.":[190],"Eventually,":[191],"synergetic":[193],"effects":[194],"our":[196],"shown":[199],"experiments":[201],"self-created":[203],"datasets":[204],"high":[207],"average":[208],"accuracy":[210],"89.6%.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}