{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4327952360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15030757","title":"Green IoT: A Review and Future Research Directions","display_name":"Green IoT: A Review and Future Research Directions","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4327952360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15030757"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15030757","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15030757","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/3/757/pdf?version=1679896554","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/3/757/pdf?version=1679896554","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030998001","display_name":"Mohammed H. Alsharif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8579-5444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed H. Alsharif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8579-5444","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039228985","display_name":"Abu Jahid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7942-3801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abu Jahid","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton St., Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7942-3801","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton St., Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012346230","display_name":"Anabi Hilary Kelechi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5153-1264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anabi Hilary Kelechi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002710129","display_name":"Raju Kannadasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7622-8261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170558118","display_name":"Sri Venkateswara University","ror":"https://ror.org/05weahn72","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170558118"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raju Kannadasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, Chennai 602117, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7622-8261","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, Chennai 602117, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170558118"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030998001","https://openalex.org/A5039228985"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931","https://openalex.org/I28777354"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":24.9706,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":131,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99797276,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"757","last_page":"757"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.745822012424469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.6830481290817261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.6698840260505676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5817176103591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5675427317619324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4965081810951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.47808051109313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.4638211131095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.45927175879478455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.4529501497745514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.41203102469444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.31206876039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1295395791530609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10803517699241638}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.745822012424469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.6830481290817261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.6698840260505676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5817176103591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5675427317619324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4965081810951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.47808051109313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.4638211131095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.45927175879478455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.4529501497745514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.41203102469444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.31206876039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1295395791530609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10803517699241638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15030757","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15030757","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/3/757/pdf?version=1679896554","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b2d8f36b4160437882b29191d37c21fb","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b2d8f36b4160437882b29191d37c21fb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 15, Iss 3, p 757 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/15/3/757/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15030757","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15030757","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15030757","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/3/757/pdf?version=1679896554","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4327952360.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":126,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72544540","https://openalex.org/W1492719521","https://openalex.org/W1493904571","https://openalex.org/W1644283972","https://openalex.org/W1878560273","https://openalex.org/W1966708639","https://openalex.org/W1967217574","https://openalex.org/W1969043820","https://openalex.org/W1977376809","https://openalex.org/W1977705237","https://openalex.org/W1983508067","https://openalex.org/W1985705155","https://openalex.org/W1994267825","https://openalex.org/W1994929748","https://openalex.org/W1996388886","https://openalex.org/W1998525920","https://openalex.org/W2004024756","https://openalex.org/W2010689540","https://openalex.org/W2014131243","https://openalex.org/W2022196363","https://openalex.org/W2028428620","https://openalex.org/W2033682954","https://openalex.org/W2038464572","https://openalex.org/W2041785419","https://openalex.org/W2046489492","https://openalex.org/W2046672513","https://openalex.org/W2049816023","https://openalex.org/W2050780587","https://openalex.org/W2051702151","https://openalex.org/W2058066847","https://openalex.org/W2058401212","https://openalex.org/W2061962379","https://openalex.org/W2065088268","https://openalex.org/W2070768069","https://openalex.org/W2070987635","https://openalex.org/W2074616074","https://openalex.org/W2077482909","https://openalex.org/W2077780311","https://openalex.org/W2083626398","https://openalex.org/W2083835467","https://openalex.org/W2084164807","https://openalex.org/W2084946427","https://openalex.org/W2090941506","https://openalex.org/W2094117776","https://openalex.org/W2094518962","https://openalex.org/W2102712083","https://openalex.org/W2105103777","https://openalex.org/W2105437704","https://openalex.org/W2107156064","https://openalex.org/W2107812461","https://openalex.org/W2109102328","https://openalex.org/W2109572607","https://openalex.org/W2110374175","https://openalex.org/W2114865559","https://openalex.org/W2115006939","https://openalex.org/W2117014495","https://openalex.org/W2117427507","https://openalex.org/W2117528175","https://openalex.org/W2119046642","https://openalex.org/W2123035511","https://openalex.org/W2124362148","https://openalex.org/W2126335077","https://openalex.org/W2126644064","https://openalex.org/W2131141799","https://openalex.org/W2133362840","https://openalex.org/W2134295053","https://openalex.org/W2135053460","https://openalex.org/W2136829169","https://openalex.org/W2139587243","https://openalex.org/W2141669049","https://openalex.org/W2141753005","https://openalex.org/W2142353201","https://openalex.org/W2148098314","https://openalex.org/W2152481521","https://openalex.org/W2155974550","https://openalex.org/W2170564771","https://openalex.org/W2182132145","https://openalex.org/W2295204504","https://openalex.org/W2473960014","https://openalex.org/W2486013602","https://openalex.org/W2518743081","https://openalex.org/W2531320996","https://openalex.org/W2538375713","https://openalex.org/W2549342384","https://openalex.org/W2603356894","https://openalex.org/W2616233061","https://openalex.org/W2738336954","https://openalex.org/W2740636327","https://openalex.org/W2791191836","https://openalex.org/W2791880385","https://openalex.org/W2807731816","https://openalex.org/W2900022161","https://openalex.org/W2902322275","https://openalex.org/W2914440067","https://openalex.org/W2917160416","https://openalex.org/W2942345566","https://openalex.org/W2943374004","https://openalex.org/W2953704759","https://openalex.org/W2964129085","https://openalex.org/W2997616550","https://openalex.org/W3007380827","https://openalex.org/W3007729836","https://openalex.org/W3014326829","https://openalex.org/W3019543865","https://openalex.org/W3025932266","https://openalex.org/W3031247845","https://openalex.org/W3038241258","https://openalex.org/W3040978956","https://openalex.org/W3047059304","https://openalex.org/W3118558235","https://openalex.org/W3121212066","https://openalex.org/W3130294919","https://openalex.org/W3160875403","https://openalex.org/W3174691371","https://openalex.org/W3190057255","https://openalex.org/W3201873277","https://openalex.org/W3212485441","https://openalex.org/W4310721581","https://openalex.org/W4312140573","https://openalex.org/W4318776540","https://openalex.org/W4320496618","https://openalex.org/W6639322737","https://openalex.org/W6681824482","https://openalex.org/W6728528052","https://openalex.org/W6758210336","https://openalex.org/W6846817076"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4316095964","https://openalex.org/W2383001583","https://openalex.org/W2771395446","https://openalex.org/W2131084560","https://openalex.org/W3112038843","https://openalex.org/W2088310429","https://openalex.org/W3094215878","https://openalex.org/W3209836052","https://openalex.org/W2161641032","https://openalex.org/W2496340490"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,71],"internet":[1],"of":[2,18,25,43,50,73,81,90,102,156],"things":[3],"(IoT)":[4],"has":[5],"a":[6,40,87],"significant":[7],"economic":[8],"and":[9,68,93,104,127,138,143,158],"environmental":[10],"impact":[11],"owing":[12],"to":[13,27,45,61,77,97,150,152],"the":[14,30,79,100,109,153],"billions":[15,49],"or":[16],"trillions":[17],"interconnected":[19],"devices":[20],"that":[21,36],"use":[22],"various":[23],"types":[24],"sensors":[26],"communicate":[28],"through":[29],"internet.":[31],"It":[32],"is":[33,59,76],"well":[34],"recognized":[35],"each":[37],"sensor":[38,130],"requires":[39],"small":[41],"amount":[42],"energy":[44,52],"function;":[46],"but,":[47],"with":[48],"sensors,":[51],"consumption":[53],"can":[54],"be":[55],"significant.":[56],"Therefore,":[57],"it":[58],"crucial":[60],"focus":[62],"on":[63],"developing":[64],"energy-efficient":[65,91,105,121,126,134,140,159],"IoT":[66,83,96,106,160],"technology":[67],"sustainable":[69,103],"solutions.":[70],"contribution":[72],"this":[74,116],"article":[75],"support":[78],"implementation":[80,155],"eco-friendly":[82],"solutions":[84],"by":[85],"presenting":[86],"thorough":[88],"examination":[89],"practices":[92],"strategies":[94],"for":[95,114],"assist":[98],"in":[99,108],"advancement":[101],"technologies":[107],"future.":[110],"Four":[111],"framework":[112],"principles":[113],"achieving":[115],"are":[117],"discussed,":[118],"including":[119],"(i)":[120],"machine-to-machine":[122],"(M2M)":[123],"communications,":[124],"(ii)":[125],"eco-sustainable":[128,157],"wireless":[129],"networks":[131],"(WSN),":[132],"(iii)":[133],"radio-frequency":[135],"identification":[136],"(RFID),":[137],"(iv)":[139],"microcontroller":[141],"units":[142],"integrated":[144],"circuits":[145],"(IC).":[146],"This":[147],"review":[148],"aims":[149],"contribute":[151],"next-generation":[154],"technologies.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-23T08:51:43.019350","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}