{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313427808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15010117","title":"Maximizing the Influence Spread in Social Networks: A Learning-Automata-Driven Discrete Butterfly Optimization Algorithm","display_name":"Maximizing the Influence Spread in Social Networks: A Learning-Automata-Driven Discrete Butterfly Optimization Algorithm","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313427808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15010117"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15010117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15010117","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/1/117/pdf?version=1673491628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/1/117/pdf?version=1673491628","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088800065","display_name":"Jianxin Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6822-0590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146620803","display_name":"Wenzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hxh324","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22716506","display_name":"Lanzhou University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03panb555","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianxin Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China","Wenzhou Engineering Institute of Pump & Valve, Lanzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou 325100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wenzhou Engineering Institute of Pump & Valve, Lanzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou 325100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146620803","https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100674073","display_name":"Hongyu Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2522-6319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22716506","display_name":"Lanzhou University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03panb555","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075332540","display_name":"Jimao Lan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22716506","display_name":"Lanzhou University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03panb555","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jimao Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100425682","display_name":"Li Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0074-9030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22716506","display_name":"Lanzhou University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03panb555","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102213401","display_name":"Shihui Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22716506","display_name":"Lanzhou University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03panb555","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shihui Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088800065"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146620803","https://openalex.org/I22716506"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.0006,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76041237,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"117","last_page":"117"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10609","display_name":"Digital Marketing and Social Media","score":0.9261000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":0.9064000248908997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7444459199905396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.6165030002593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.6124706268310547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greedy-algorithm","display_name":"Greedy algorithm","score":0.5175178050994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-automata","display_name":"Learning automata","score":0.4639192819595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.41921207308769226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3941804766654968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.360238254070282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3359594941139221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automaton","display_name":"Automaton","score":0.23552781343460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1703205704689026}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7444459199905396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.6165030002593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.6124706268310547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51823790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504353","display_name":"Greedy algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5175178050994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776807809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510160","display_name":"Learning automata","level":3,"score":0.4639192819595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.41921207308769226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3941804766654968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.360238254070282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3359594941139221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112505250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787116","display_name":"Automaton","level":2,"score":0.23552781343460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1703205704689026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15010117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15010117","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/1/117/pdf?version=1673491628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6f3d98ff2ddf47b3a417b3c3c83795f9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6f3d98ff2ddf47b3a417b3c3c83795f9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 15, Iss 1, p 117 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/15/1/117/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15010117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry; Volume 15; Issue 1; Pages: 117","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15010117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15010117","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/1/117/pdf?version=1673491628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313427808.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W83376015","https://openalex.org/W137627111","https://openalex.org/W341879454","https://openalex.org/W771287244","https://openalex.org/W1931400479","https://openalex.org/W1955291487","https://openalex.org/W2042123098","https://openalex.org/W2061820396","https://openalex.org/W2074132047","https://openalex.org/W2108858998","https://openalex.org/W2141403143","https://openalex.org/W2143560894","https://openalex.org/W2145113795","https://openalex.org/W2156727064","https://openalex.org/W2156773695","https://openalex.org/W2348144183","https://openalex.org/W2357866721","https://openalex.org/W2464384554","https://openalex.org/W2526426687","https://openalex.org/W2594497216","https://openalex.org/W2753899746","https://openalex.org/W2762717863","https://openalex.org/W2771290394","https://openalex.org/W2790662215","https://openalex.org/W2887957328","https://openalex.org/W2919333918","https://openalex.org/W2952461437","https://openalex.org/W2974664996","https://openalex.org/W2997517941","https://openalex.org/W2999556226","https://openalex.org/W3007783271","https://openalex.org/W3082940727","https://openalex.org/W3128596500","https://openalex.org/W3139520464","https://openalex.org/W3141872584","https://openalex.org/W3163200825","https://openalex.org/W3166922342","https://openalex.org/W3176943960","https://openalex.org/W3182020042","https://openalex.org/W3204547488","https://openalex.org/W3204900869","https://openalex.org/W3208541911","https://openalex.org/W3209540979","https://openalex.org/W4210536454","https://openalex.org/W4223890113","https://openalex.org/W4224069464","https://openalex.org/W4285240945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3119129187","https://openalex.org/W2891776881","https://openalex.org/W2244559970","https://openalex.org/W2557467218","https://openalex.org/W2536297025","https://openalex.org/W2771290394","https://openalex.org/W2918080139","https://openalex.org/W3130064765","https://openalex.org/W1574303229","https://openalex.org/W2618582729"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Influence":[0],"maximization":[1,57,192],"aims":[2],"at":[3],"the":[4,16,31,48,55,72,82,101,114,122,126,138,142,153,157,161,180,190],"identification":[5],"of":[6,10,50,103,125,141,170],"a":[7,63,85,106,129],"small":[8],"group":[9],"individuals":[11],"that":[12,160,169,179],"may":[13],"result":[14],"in":[15,21,38,59,77,188],"most":[17],"wide":[18],"information":[19],"transmission":[20],"social":[22,104],"networks.":[23,40],"Although":[24],"greedy-based":[25],"algorithms":[26],"can":[27],"yield":[28],"reliable":[29],"solutions,":[30],"computational":[32],"cost":[33],"is":[34,75,110,134],"extreme":[35],"expensive,":[36],"especially":[37],"large-scale":[39],"Additionally,":[41],"centrality-based":[42],"heuristics":[43],"tend":[44],"to":[45,81,94,112,136,168],"suffer":[46],"from":[47],"problem":[49,58],"low":[51],"accuracy.":[52],"To":[53],"solve":[54],"influence":[56,166,191],"an":[60],"efficient":[61],"way,":[62],"learning-automata-driven":[64],"discrete":[65,90,127],"butterfly":[66,115],"optimization":[67],"algorithm":[68,163],"(LA-DBOA)":[69],"mapped":[70],"into":[71],"network":[73,95],"topology":[74,96],"proposed":[76,162],"this":[78],"paper.":[79],"According":[80],"LA-DBOA":[83],"framework,":[84],"novel":[86],"encoding":[87],"mechanism":[88],"and":[89,172],"evolution":[91],"rules":[92],"adapted":[93],"are":[97,146,186],"presented.":[98],"By":[99],"exploiting":[100],"asymmetry":[102],"connections,":[105],"modified":[107],"learning":[108],"automata":[109],"adopted":[111],"guide":[113],"population":[116],"toward":[117],"promising":[118],"areas.":[119],"Based":[120],"on":[121,148,183],"topological":[123],"features":[124],"networks,":[128],"new":[130],"local":[131],"search":[132,139],"strategy":[133],"conceived":[135],"enhance":[137],"performance":[140],"butterflies.":[143],"Extensive":[144],"experiments":[145],"conducted":[147],"six":[149],"real":[150],"networks":[151],"under":[152],"independent":[154],"cascade":[155],"model;":[156],"results":[158],"demonstrate":[159],"achieves":[164],"comparable":[165],"spread":[167],"CELF":[171],"outperforms":[173],"other":[174],"classical":[175],"methods,":[176],"which":[177],"proves":[178],"meta-heuristics":[181],"based":[182],"swarm":[184],"intelligence":[185],"effective":[187],"solving":[189],"problem.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2023-01-06T00:00:00"}