{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313327750","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15010090","title":"Modern Active Voltage Control in Distribution Networks, including Distributed Generation, Using the Hardware-in-the-Loop Technique","display_name":"Modern Active Voltage Control in Distribution Networks, including Distributed Generation, Using the Hardware-in-the-Loop Technique","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313327750","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15010090"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15010090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15010090","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/1/90/pdf?version=1672299527","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/1/90/pdf?version=1672299527","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006211701","display_name":"Beshoy Nabil Fahmy Fanos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6490-7355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beshoy Nabil Fahmy Fanos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Power & Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11517, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6490-7355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Power & Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11517, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038995530","display_name":"Mohammad H. Soliman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad H. Soliman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Power & Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11517, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Power & Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11517, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064165070","display_name":"Hossam E. A. Talaat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9659-5202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186217134","display_name":"Future University in Egypt","ror":"https://ror.org/03s8c2x09","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186217134"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hossam E. A. Talaat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11517, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11517, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186217134"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064181842","display_name":"Mahmoud A. Attia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-7434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud A. Attia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Power & Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11517, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-7434","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Power & Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11517, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064165070","https://openalex.org/A5064181842"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978","https://openalex.org/I186217134"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.3694,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5874491,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"90","last_page":"90"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6974690556526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6865568161010742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5701717138290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.5125105381011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.5038077235221863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.49651557207107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-in-the-loop-simulation","display_name":"Hardware-in-the-loop simulation","score":0.44306546449661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.42789649963378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.32893750071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.26969510316848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2638053297996521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18175029754638672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14340710639953613}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6974690556526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6865568161010742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5701717138290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5125105381011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.5038077235221863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.49651557207107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70587628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142371","display_name":"Hardware-in-the-loop simulation","level":2,"score":0.44306546449661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.42789649963378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.32893750071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.26969510316848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2638053297996521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18175029754638672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14340710639953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15010090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15010090","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/1/90/pdf?version=1672299527","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8bbc556ceaa5463b82d66e523db5ea69","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8bbc556ceaa5463b82d66e523db5ea69","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 15, Iss 1, p 90 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/15/1/90/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15010090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15010090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15010090","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/1/90/pdf?version=1672299527","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313327750.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313327750.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576742262","https://openalex.org/W1976178455","https://openalex.org/W2064055853","https://openalex.org/W2075816026","https://openalex.org/W2110081506","https://openalex.org/W2116655614","https://openalex.org/W2116988740","https://openalex.org/W2132829140","https://openalex.org/W2242458188","https://openalex.org/W2412270181","https://openalex.org/W2768596003","https://openalex.org/W2775222027","https://openalex.org/W2906777388","https://openalex.org/W2928737269","https://openalex.org/W2986936026","https://openalex.org/W3006156562","https://openalex.org/W3010351515","https://openalex.org/W3014246585","https://openalex.org/W3034266698","https://openalex.org/W3120784924","https://openalex.org/W3128750717","https://openalex.org/W3130354384","https://openalex.org/W3145384409","https://openalex.org/W3168149054","https://openalex.org/W3181921912","https://openalex.org/W3188144864","https://openalex.org/W3190463591","https://openalex.org/W3205868375","https://openalex.org/W4200434092","https://openalex.org/W4206087893","https://openalex.org/W4210399280","https://openalex.org/W4210560427","https://openalex.org/W4210588884","https://openalex.org/W4213415227","https://openalex.org/W4214929167","https://openalex.org/W4226057758","https://openalex.org/W4226142537","https://openalex.org/W4240805484"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2125652721","https://openalex.org/W1540371141","https://openalex.org/W1549363203","https://openalex.org/W2147697413","https://openalex.org/W2154063878","https://openalex.org/W4231274751","https://openalex.org/W2556012038","https://openalex.org/W1489772951","https://openalex.org/W1538046993","https://openalex.org/W2571255492"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Voltage":[0],"constraints":[1],"usually":[2],"place":[3,44],"restrictions":[4],"on":[5,60,109],"how":[6],"distributed":[7],"generation":[8],"(DG)":[9],"can":[10,29],"be":[11],"connected":[12],"to":[13,66,93],"weak":[14],"distribution":[15],"networks.":[16],"As":[17],"DG":[18,40],"capacity":[19,37],"increases,":[20],"active":[21,54],"voltage":[22,55],"control":[23,56,74,102],"techniques":[24],"are":[25,81,91],"needed.":[26],"Active":[27],"approaches":[28],"greatly":[30],"lower":[31],"connection":[32],"costs":[33],"while":[34],"boosting":[35],"the":[36,46,68,73,85,98,101],"of":[38,45,72,100],"connectable":[39],"when":[41],"used":[42,59,92],"in":[43],"passive":[47],"strategy.":[48],"In":[49],"this":[50],"article,":[51],"a":[52,110],"modified":[53],"algorithm":[57,75],"is":[58,107],"an":[61],"IEEE":[62],"33":[63],"bus":[64],"system":[65],"test":[67,94],"robustness":[69],"and":[70,97],"reliability":[71,99],"under":[76],"severe":[77],"conditions.":[78],"The":[79,105],"simulations":[80,90],"carried":[82],"out":[83],"using":[84],"hardware-in-the-loop":[86],"(HIL)":[87],"method.":[88],"Real-time":[89],"data":[95],"transfer":[96],"algorithm\u2019s":[103],"execution.":[104],"analysis":[106],"based":[108],"three-phase":[111],"symmetric":[112],"power":[113],"system.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}