{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313259616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15010041","title":"A Review on Non-Newtonian Nanofluid Applications for Convection in Cavities under Magnetic Field","display_name":"A Review on Non-Newtonian Nanofluid Applications for Convection in Cavities under Magnetic Field","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313259616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15010041"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15010041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15010041","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/1/41/pdf?version=1671791449","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/1/41/pdf?version=1671791449","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002074164","display_name":"Fatih Sel\u0131mefend\u0131g\u0131l","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5453-2091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16748637","display_name":"Manisa Celal Bayar University","ror":"https://ror.org/053f2w588","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16748637"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatih Selimefendigil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa 45140, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa 45140, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16748637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019173172","display_name":"G\u00fcrel \u015eenol","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16748637","display_name":"Manisa Celal Bayar University","ror":"https://ror.org/053f2w588","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16748637"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G\u00fcrel \u015eenol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa 45140, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa 45140, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16748637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041593232","display_name":"Hakan F. \u00d6ztop","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2161-0639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143396566","display_name":"F\u0131rat University","ror":"https://ror.org/05teb7b63","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143396566"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA","TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hakan F. \u00d6ztop","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Eng., Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technology Faculty, F\u0131rat University, Elaz\u0131\u011f 23119, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2161-0639","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Eng., Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technology Faculty, F\u0131rat University, Elaz\u0131\u011f 23119, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143396566"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057811487","display_name":"Nidal H. Abu\u2010Hamdeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4852-2217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nidal H. Abu-Hamdeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","Department of Mechanical Eng., Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4852-2217","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Eng., Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041593232"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143396566","https://openalex.org/I185163786"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.7159,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83399846,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"41","last_page":"41"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10104","display_name":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10104","display_name":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11945","display_name":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanofluid","display_name":"Nanofluid","score":0.984040379524231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetohydrodynamic-drive","display_name":"Magnetohydrodynamic drive","score":0.6518599390983582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-newtonian-fluid","display_name":"Non-Newtonian fluid","score":0.6166202425956726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/newtonian-fluid","display_name":"Newtonian fluid","score":0.5725164413452148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-conductivity","display_name":"Thermal conductivity","score":0.5383196473121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5253281593322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viscosity","display_name":"Viscosity","score":0.5162191390991211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.5051618218421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.475881963968277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.43387746810913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convection","display_name":"Convection","score":0.41625452041625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.38454669713974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetohydrodynamics","display_name":"Magnetohydrodynamics","score":0.35974013805389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.29745861887931824}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21946209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1989679","display_name":"Nanofluid","level":3,"score":0.984040379524231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42471609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779048","display_name":"Magnetohydrodynamic drive","level":4,"score":0.6518599390983582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84403224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860589","display_name":"Non-Newtonian fluid","level":2,"score":0.6166202425956726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C294558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366968","display_name":"Newtonian fluid","level":2,"score":0.5725164413452148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97346530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005","display_name":"Thermal conductivity","level":2,"score":0.5383196473121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5253281593322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127172972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128709","display_name":"Viscosity","level":2,"score":0.5162191390991211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.5051618218421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.475881963968277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.43387746810913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10899652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160329","display_name":"Convection","level":2,"score":0.41625452041625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.38454669713974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31532427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2549249","display_name":"Magnetohydrodynamics","level":3,"score":0.35974013805389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.29745861887931824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15010041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15010041","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/1/41/pdf?version=1671791449","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0553283efd164348b705758610f60b25","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0553283efd164348b705758610f60b25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 15, Iss 1, p 41 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/15/1/41/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15010041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym15010041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15010041","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/1/41/pdf?version=1671791449","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313259616.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":143,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22097977","https://openalex.org/W64225055","https://openalex.org/W566252697","https://openalex.org/W998874852","https://openalex.org/W1492588544","https://openalex.org/W1500027774","https://openalex.org/W1570315422","https://openalex.org/W1603751942","https://openalex.org/W1758979016","https://openalex.org/W1965052482","https://openalex.org/W1966389661","https://openalex.org/W1969924145","https://openalex.org/W1971656919","https://openalex.org/W1971668954","https://openalex.org/W1972067347","https://openalex.org/W1973654940","https://openalex.org/W1977131057","https://openalex.org/W1979353026","https://openalex.org/W1981440394","https://openalex.org/W1983027871","https://openalex.org/W1983170825","https://openalex.org/W1986078724","https://openalex.org/W1988521770","https://openalex.org/W1990716476","https://openalex.org/W1992644507","https://openalex.org/W1994088545","https://openalex.org/W1997712789","https://openalex.org/W1999703410","https://openalex.org/W2001809099","https://openalex.org/W2002948299","https://openalex.org/W2003389703","https://openalex.org/W2003707609","https://openalex.org/W2005209916","https://openalex.org/W2007621628","https://openalex.org/W2008513031","https://openalex.org/W2010364254","https://openalex.org/W2010716957","https://openalex.org/W2011339767","https://openalex.org/W2013904164","https://openalex.org/W2016213857","https://openalex.org/W2018166431","https://openalex.org/W2018232139","https://openalex.org/W2020734955","https://openalex.org/W2023385842","https://openalex.org/W2023913992","https://openalex.org/W2023961666","https://openalex.org/W2024964627","https://openalex.org/W2026020060","https://openalex.org/W2026981990","https://openalex.org/W2027247541","https://openalex.org/W2032111862","https://openalex.org/W2033343181","https://openalex.org/W2035821929","https://openalex.org/W2036472873","https://openalex.org/W2038037957","https://openalex.org/W2039095167","https://openalex.org/W2041751175","https://openalex.org/W2044197719","https://openalex.org/W2044222962","https://openalex.org/W2044478274","https://openalex.org/W2044554025","https://openalex.org/W2047098382","https://openalex.org/W2049985736","https://openalex.org/W2052246750","https://openalex.org/W2055389096","https://openalex.org/W2057288287","https://openalex.org/W2057522458","https://openalex.org/W2058135277","https://openalex.org/W2059289137","https://openalex.org/W2060252302","https://openalex.org/W2060543310","https://openalex.org/W2060678338","https://openalex.org/W2060763653","https://openalex.org/W2063184809","https://openalex.org/W2064931776","https://openalex.org/W2067700949","https://openalex.org/W2068053015","https://openalex.org/W2070876070","https://openalex.org/W2072096676","https://openalex.org/W2072777092","https://openalex.org/W2074998494","https://openalex.org/W2076619665","https://openalex.org/W2080075162","https://openalex.org/W2080768344","https://openalex.org/W2082477054","https://openalex.org/W2083002205","https://openalex.org/W2084975684","https://openalex.org/W2086383224","https://openalex.org/W2087757322","https://openalex.org/W2093627956","https://openalex.org/W2096632855","https://openalex.org/W2101924116","https://openalex.org/W2104187070","https://openalex.org/W2114031783","https://openalex.org/W2120433774","https://openalex.org/W2122795128","https://openalex.org/W2126249704","https://openalex.org/W2128238029","https://openalex.org/W2129138782","https://openalex.org/W2136248242","https://openalex.org/W2140866824","https://openalex.org/W2147769700","https://openalex.org/W2148730186","https://openalex.org/W2155045655","https://openalex.org/W2169172492","https://openalex.org/W2183492065","https://openalex.org/W2252546980","https://openalex.org/W2280413616","https://openalex.org/W2284947441","https://openalex.org/W2285630927","https://openalex.org/W2296259818","https://openalex.org/W2316978293","https://openalex.org/W2440980316","https://openalex.org/W2461221286","https://openalex.org/W2473191333","https://openalex.org/W2475145860","https://openalex.org/W2491984883","https://openalex.org/W2520978728","https://openalex.org/W2607260556","https://openalex.org/W2636164586","https://openalex.org/W2638344116","https://openalex.org/W2762504945","https://openalex.org/W2767062295","https://openalex.org/W2767466445","https://openalex.org/W2781611473","https://openalex.org/W2790347283","https://openalex.org/W2791076157","https://openalex.org/W2800672222","https://openalex.org/W2938616546","https://openalex.org/W2966511380","https://openalex.org/W3020590419","https://openalex.org/W3037993780","https://openalex.org/W3104061622","https://openalex.org/W3111807119","https://openalex.org/W3213210568","https://openalex.org/W4239536006","https://openalex.org/W4243692799","https://openalex.org/W4298081164","https://openalex.org/W6666298392","https://openalex.org/W6685208098","https://openalex.org/W6695520872","https://openalex.org/W6718718076","https://openalex.org/W6739089060"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2912591334","https://openalex.org/W2929715323","https://openalex.org/W2386528229","https://openalex.org/W2049123749","https://openalex.org/W1482473826","https://openalex.org/W2072075229","https://openalex.org/W2028882311","https://openalex.org/W1973727899","https://openalex.org/W2096223544","https://openalex.org/W2031269569"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"review":[1],"is":[2,18,76],"about":[3,71],"non-Newtonian":[4,74,79,86,102,129],"nanofluid":[5,122],"applications":[6,28,110],"for":[7,126,149],"convection":[8],"in":[9,16,22,30,52,133,160],"cavities":[10,17,114],"under":[11,117],"a":[12],"magnetic":[13,124],"field.":[14],"Convection":[15],"an":[19],"important":[20],"topic":[21],"thermal":[23,65,91,153],"energy":[24,162],"system,":[25],"and":[26,46,64,73,81,95,123,128,137,152],"diverse":[27,161],"exist":[29],"processes":[31],"such":[32],"as":[33],"drying,":[34],"chemical":[35],"processing,":[36],"electronic":[37],"cooling,":[38],"air":[39],"conditioning,":[40],"removal":[41],"of":[42,83,85,93,101,111,120,155],"contaminates,":[43],"power":[44],"generation":[45],"many":[47],"others.":[48],"Some":[49],"problems":[50],"occur":[51],"symmetrical":[53],"phenomena,":[54],"while":[55],"they":[56],"can":[57],"be":[58,147],"applicable":[59],"to":[60],"applied":[61],"mathematics,":[62],"physics":[63],"engineering":[66],"systems.":[67],"First,":[68],"brief":[69],"information":[70],"nanofluids":[72,80,94,97,103],"fluids":[75,87],"given.":[77,108],"Then,":[78],"aspects":[82],"rheology":[84],"are":[88,98,107,115,140],"presented.":[89],"The":[90,131,142],"conductivity/viscosity":[92],"hybrid":[96],"discussed.":[99,141],"Applications":[100],"with":[104],"magnetohydrodynamic":[105],"effects":[106,119],"Different":[109],"various":[112],"vented":[113,156],"discussed":[116],"combined":[118],"using":[121],"field":[125],"Newtonian":[127],"nanofluids.":[130],"gap":[132],"the":[134],"present":[135],"literature":[136],"future":[138],"trends":[139],"results":[143],"summarized":[144],"here":[145],"will":[146],"beneficial":[148],"efficient":[150],"design":[151],"optimization":[154],"cavity":[157],"systems":[158],"used":[159],"system":[163],"applications.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}