{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308866314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14112374","title":"An Asymmetric Beamforming Method Based on Arithmetic Phase Difference Weighting in CSAMT","display_name":"An Asymmetric Beamforming Method Based on Arithmetic Phase Difference Weighting in CSAMT","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308866314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14112374"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14112374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14112374","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/11/2374/pdf?version=1668070098","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/11/2374/pdf?version=1668070098","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103121375","display_name":"Haifeng Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9129-7924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haifeng Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9129-7924","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100395378","display_name":"Yi-Ming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9127-7915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060634520","display_name":"Xuhong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0676-7790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuhong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060634520"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1885},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1885},"fwci":0.3078,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48617606,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"11","first_page":"2374","last_page":"2374"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6948331594467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directivity","display_name":"Directivity","score":0.5406188368797302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.5313644409179688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4271537661552429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41733595728874207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37219923734664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3444781005382538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34169596433639526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22835388779640198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21099087595939636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.16820117831230164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.13787591457366943}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6948331594467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189039984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8225412","display_name":"Directivity","level":3,"score":0.5406188368797302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.5313644409179688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4271537661552429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41733595728874207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37219923734664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3444781005382538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34169596433639526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22835388779640198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21099087595939636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.16820117831230164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.13787591457366943}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14112374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14112374","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/11/2374/pdf?version=1668070098","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9ff765c2bbef49069ed2362e10c8d965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9ff765c2bbef49069ed2362e10c8d965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 14, Iss 11, p 2374 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14112374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14112374","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/11/2374/pdf?version=1668070098","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308866314.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970052304","https://openalex.org/W2002697577","https://openalex.org/W2004201275","https://openalex.org/W2005213235","https://openalex.org/W2033689541","https://openalex.org/W2040796501","https://openalex.org/W2085127821","https://openalex.org/W2094039117","https://openalex.org/W2113745415","https://openalex.org/W2123203826","https://openalex.org/W2160406390","https://openalex.org/W2213939201","https://openalex.org/W2534856378","https://openalex.org/W2972307537","https://openalex.org/W4284994857"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093014812","https://openalex.org/W2026507895","https://openalex.org/W2115898014","https://openalex.org/W3154535329","https://openalex.org/W2150708608","https://openalex.org/W4312837221","https://openalex.org/W2373249535","https://openalex.org/W2346343052","https://openalex.org/W4389273425","https://openalex.org/W2037537113"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"controlled-source":[1],"audio-frequency":[2],"magnetotellurics":[3],"(CSAMT)":[4],"radiates":[5],"symmetric":[6,11],"beams":[7],"using":[8,74,183],"a":[9,15,93,139,144,148,221],"grounded":[10],"dipole":[12],"(GSD).":[13],"Only":[14],"tiny":[16],"fraction":[17],"of":[18,24,35,95,103,143,167,180,195],"radiant":[19,175],"energy":[20,176,208],"is":[21,51,132,152],"taken":[22],"advantage":[23],"during":[25,46],"the":[26,32,36,42,47,55,61,75,104,111,115,156,168,174,178,193,196,201,215,226,230],"far-field":[27],"(Ff)":[28],"observation":[29],"due":[30],"to":[31,40,53,88,154],"low":[33],"directivity":[34],"GSD.":[37],"In":[38,212],"order":[39],"enhance":[41],"signal-to-noise":[43],"ratio":[44],"(SNR)":[45],"Ff":[48],"observation,":[49,79],"it":[50],"necessary":[52],"reduce":[54],"transceiving":[56],"distance":[57],"(TD)":[58],"or":[59],"increase":[60],"transmitting":[62],"power":[63],"(TP),":[64],"but":[65],"both":[66],"methods":[67],"will":[68,85,97,170],"cause":[69],"many":[70],"problems.":[71],"Further,":[72],"when":[73],"tensor":[76],"method":[77,128],"for":[78,158],"GSDs":[80,117],"in":[81,106,130,134,177,206,210,225],"two":[82,107,116],"vertical":[83,108],"directions":[84,109],"be":[86],"employed":[87],"radiate":[89],"energy,":[90],"and":[91,147,187,199],"then":[92],"series":[94],"problems":[96],"occur":[98,171],"such":[99],"as":[100],"an":[101],"asymmetry":[102],"SNR":[105,169],"if":[110],"geological":[112],"conditions":[113],"under":[114,192],"vary":[118],"widely.":[119],"An":[120],"arithmetic":[121],"phase":[122],"difference":[123],"(APd)":[124],"weighting":[125],"asymmetric":[126],"beamforming":[127],"(ABFM)":[129],"CSAMT":[131],"proposed":[133],"this":[135],"paper,":[136],"which":[137],"uses":[138],"GSD":[140],"array":[141],"instead":[142],"single":[145],"GSD,":[146],"signal":[149],"with":[150,220],"APd":[151],"transmitted":[153],"control":[155],"wavefront":[157],"beam":[159],"steering.":[160],"A":[161],"significant":[162],"enhancement":[163],"(about":[164],"3":[165],"dB)":[166],"by":[172],"collecting":[173],"region":[179],"concern":[181],"(RoC)":[182],"ABFM.":[184],"The":[185],"analysis":[186],"simulation":[188],"results":[189],"demonstrate":[190],"that":[191],"premise":[194],"same":[197],"TD":[198],"TP,":[200],"ABFM":[202,217],"has":[203],"obvious":[204],"advantages":[205],"improving":[207],"utilization":[209],"CSAMT.":[211],"other":[213],"words,":[214],"APd-weighted":[216],"can":[218],"deal":[219],"complex":[222],"noise":[223],"environment":[224],"field":[227],"better":[228],"than":[229],"traditional":[231],"method.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2022-11-18T00:00:00"}