{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308579936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14112343","title":"An Active Contour Model Based on Retinex and Pre-Fitting Reflectance for Fast Image Segmentation","display_name":"An Active Contour Model Based on Retinex and Pre-Fitting Reflectance for Fast Image Segmentation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308579936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14112343"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14112343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14112343","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/11/2343/pdf?version=1668658006","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/11/2343/pdf?version=1668658006","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100593671","display_name":"Chengxin Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengxin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215137, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215137, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102787129","display_name":"Lele Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8333-226X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lele Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215137, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215137, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087811347","display_name":"Yiyang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9960-9040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yiyang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215137, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9960-9040","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215137, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000973944","display_name":"Guina Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1046-0628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guina Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215137, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215137, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060075101","display_name":"Guirong Weng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8519-7492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guirong Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215137, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215137, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060075101","https://openalex.org/A5087811347"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":1.3762,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81590276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"11","first_page":"2343","last_page":"2343"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9699000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.6710852384567261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6632264256477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-constancy","display_name":"Color constancy","score":0.6549091339111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6524332761764526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-functional","display_name":"Energy functional","score":0.6069048643112183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5770657658576965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-contour-model","display_name":"Active contour model","score":0.5622640252113342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5148667097091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.49400144815444946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/level-set","display_name":"Level set (data structures)","score":0.4932822585105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.38632792234420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3387031555175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.09440046548843384}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6710852384567261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6632264256477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187888035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2563885","display_name":"Color constancy","level":3,"score":0.6549091339111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6524332761764526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191640071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5377056","display_name":"Energy functional","level":2,"score":0.6069048643112183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5770657658576965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112353826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127313","display_name":"Active contour model","level":4,"score":0.5622640252113342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5148667097091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.49400144815444946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153008295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535093","display_name":"Level set (data structures)","level":2,"score":0.4932822585105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.38632792234420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3387031555175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.09440046548843384}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14112343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14112343","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/11/2343/pdf?version=1668658006","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5b5e79f1b06643128ea8f6985aa2bb7b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5b5e79f1b06643128ea8f6985aa2bb7b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 14, Iss 11, p 2343 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/14/11/2343/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14112343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry; Volume 14; Issue 11; Pages: 2343","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14112343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14112343","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/11/2343/pdf?version=1668658006","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1738236867","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SYG202138","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326708","funder_display_name":"Suzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2063463262","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62103293","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G209009410","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20210709","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2182855776","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SYG202138","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2344293267","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20210709","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3743052961","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JSSCBS20210641","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326708","funder_display_name":"Suzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4061012674","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62103293","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326708","funder_display_name":"Suzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4603544654","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SYG202138","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5021064180","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JSSCBS20210641","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5983263271","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62103293","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G943580534","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20210709","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326708","funder_display_name":"Suzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G975563808","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JSSCBS20210641","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326708","display_name":"Suzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308579936.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308579936.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589895371","https://openalex.org/W1979393293","https://openalex.org/W1989135034","https://openalex.org/W1991113069","https://openalex.org/W2006227471","https://openalex.org/W2010001400","https://openalex.org/W2051477566","https://openalex.org/W2080668963","https://openalex.org/W2086447102","https://openalex.org/W2104095591","https://openalex.org/W2114487471","https://openalex.org/W2116040950","https://openalex.org/W2132116135","https://openalex.org/W2139478903","https://openalex.org/W2144133758","https://openalex.org/W2213417357","https://openalex.org/W2346783729","https://openalex.org/W2467514263","https://openalex.org/W2789854811","https://openalex.org/W2791359027","https://openalex.org/W2801045955","https://openalex.org/W2888751991","https://openalex.org/W2901615768","https://openalex.org/W2949632878","https://openalex.org/W2952172727","https://openalex.org/W2999691491","https://openalex.org/W3026117520","https://openalex.org/W3038044614","https://openalex.org/W3080870321","https://openalex.org/W3093629321","https://openalex.org/W3129315061","https://openalex.org/W3132614832","https://openalex.org/W3156973498","https://openalex.org/W3173798790","https://openalex.org/W3184995280","https://openalex.org/W3186958587","https://openalex.org/W4224247075","https://openalex.org/W4289704737","https://openalex.org/W4293102033","https://openalex.org/W6758801729"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368150111","https://openalex.org/W2125739208","https://openalex.org/W2098360446","https://openalex.org/W2299318636","https://openalex.org/W2052479847","https://openalex.org/W3021696404","https://openalex.org/W2135353231","https://openalex.org/W2391867215","https://openalex.org/W2095049733","https://openalex.org/W2404178732"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,117],"the":[1,40,57,68,76,85,95,98,106,110,129,133,141,151,157,161],"present":[2],"article,":[3],"this":[4,64],"paper":[5,50,65],"provides":[6],"a":[7,20,43,52,119],"method":[8],"for":[9,13],"fast":[10],"image":[11,28,78,86],"segmentation":[12,29,142],"computer":[14],"vision,":[15],"which":[16,36,108],"is":[17,30,109,137],"based":[18,55],"on":[19,56],"level":[21,162],"set":[22],"method.":[23],"One":[24],"dominating":[25],"challenge":[26],"in":[27,75,149],"uneven":[31],"illumination":[32],"and":[33,101,154],"inhomogeneous":[34],"intensity,":[35],"are":[37],"caused":[38],"by":[39,71],"position":[41],"of":[42,113,139,160],"light":[44],"source":[45],"or":[46],"convex":[47],"surface.":[48],"This":[49],"proposes":[51],"variational":[53],"model":[54],"Retinex":[58],"theory.":[59],"To":[60],"be":[61],"specific,":[62],"firstly,":[63],"figures":[66],"out":[67,156],"pre-fitting":[69],"reflectance":[70],"using":[72,88],"an":[73,89,114,146],"algorithm":[74],"whole":[77],"domain":[79,87,100],"before":[80],"iterations;":[81],"secondly,":[82],"it":[83,93],"reconstructs":[84],"additive":[90],"model;":[91],"thirdly,":[92],"uses":[94],"deviation":[96],"between":[97],"global":[99],"low-frequency":[102],"component":[103],"to":[104,127],"approximate":[105],"reflectance,":[107],"significant":[111],"part":[112],"energy":[115,152],"function.":[116],"addition,":[118],"new":[120,134],"regularization":[121,135],"term":[122,136],"has":[123],"been":[124],"put":[125],"forward":[126],"extract":[128],"vanishing":[130],"gradients.":[131],"Furthermore,":[132],"capable":[138],"accelerating":[140],"process.":[143],"Symmetry":[144],"plays":[145],"essential":[147],"role":[148],"constructing":[150],"function":[153],"figuring":[155],"gradient":[158],"flow":[159],"set.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}