{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4298003825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14102026","title":"Analysis and Design of Enhanced Distributed Fountain Codes in Multiple Access Networks with Cooperative Relay","display_name":"Analysis and Design of Enhanced Distributed Fountain Codes in Multiple Access Networks with Cooperative Relay","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4298003825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14102026"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14102026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14102026","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/10/2026/pdf?version=1666678088","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/10/2026/pdf?version=1666678088","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023041872","display_name":"Hanqin Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6485-3692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hanqin Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Health Service System Based on Ubiquitous Wireless Networks, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210003, China","Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Health Service System Based on Ubiquitous Wireless Networks, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100757520","display_name":"H. Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8066-7048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbo Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Health Service System Based on Ubiquitous Wireless Networks, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210003, China","Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Health Service System Based on Ubiquitous Wireless Networks, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021540496","display_name":"Junwei Bao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9428-3886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junwei Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023041872"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.1419,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49548107,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"10","first_page":"2026","last_page":"2026"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fountain-code","display_name":"Fountain code","score":0.8395072221755981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8076058626174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.8054074645042419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5988965034484863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-network-coding","display_name":"Linear network coding","score":0.570560097694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lossy-compression","display_name":"Lossy compression","score":0.5068557858467102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.5065852403640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.46220871806144714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay-channel","display_name":"Relay channel","score":0.4392321705818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.40324896574020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.27424392104148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.24979758262634277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1413401961326599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-code","display_name":"Linear code","score":0.08988264203071594}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76132124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474786","display_name":"Fountain code","level":5,"score":0.8395072221755981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8076058626174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.8054074645042419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5988965034484863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138293262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1089578","display_name":"Linear network coding","level":3,"score":0.570560097694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165021410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55564","display_name":"Lossy compression","level":2,"score":0.5068557858467102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5065852403640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.46220871806144714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46257984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310895","display_name":"Relay channel","level":4,"score":0.4392321705818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.40324896574020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.27424392104148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.24979758262634277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1413401961326599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2400350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752667","display_name":"Linear code","level":4,"score":0.08988264203071594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14102026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14102026","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/10/2026/pdf?version=1666678088","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:08a4b92524564d64a7bf89c93ba6637e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/08a4b92524564d64a7bf89c93ba6637e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 14, Iss 10, p 2026 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/14/10/2026/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14102026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14102026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14102026","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/10/2026/pdf?version=1666678088","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G269416364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92067201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5827787471","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871446","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4298003825.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4298003825.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560304860","https://openalex.org/W1985783316","https://openalex.org/W1995078860","https://openalex.org/W2014848546","https://openalex.org/W2018470384","https://openalex.org/W2021592855","https://openalex.org/W2035526480","https://openalex.org/W2049712253","https://openalex.org/W2095742644","https://openalex.org/W2110244666","https://openalex.org/W2134499105","https://openalex.org/W2143707440","https://openalex.org/W2161704281","https://openalex.org/W2167902724","https://openalex.org/W2296125569","https://openalex.org/W2343876466","https://openalex.org/W2511737534","https://openalex.org/W2523219060","https://openalex.org/W2791735244","https://openalex.org/W2796615962","https://openalex.org/W2895774037","https://openalex.org/W2899567128","https://openalex.org/W2906982083","https://openalex.org/W2909223649","https://openalex.org/W2914958448","https://openalex.org/W2962691117","https://openalex.org/W2994945009","https://openalex.org/W3000151108","https://openalex.org/W3003504273","https://openalex.org/W3003925459","https://openalex.org/W3014601979","https://openalex.org/W3123640075","https://openalex.org/W3128516607","https://openalex.org/W3131646567","https://openalex.org/W3161275733","https://openalex.org/W3195379313","https://openalex.org/W3198095256","https://openalex.org/W3208095517","https://openalex.org/W3214817782","https://openalex.org/W4200204334","https://openalex.org/W4210470570","https://openalex.org/W4229922087"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995805316","https://openalex.org/W2103160470","https://openalex.org/W2481962518","https://openalex.org/W2370616926","https://openalex.org/W2963640673","https://openalex.org/W2151578621","https://openalex.org/W2358779470","https://openalex.org/W2048830254","https://openalex.org/W1995078860","https://openalex.org/W2136944092"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Distributed":[0],"fountain":[1,43,102,109],"coding":[2,17,44],"plays":[3],"an":[4],"important":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7],"rateless":[8],"code":[9],"research.":[10],"The":[11,51,145],"reliability":[12,195],"and":[13,38,57,92,112,120,185,192],"effectiveness":[14],"of":[15,89,177,196],"these":[16],"schemes":[18],"are":[19,55,171],"increasingly":[20],"challenged":[21],"with":[22,33],"the":[23,58,67,86,90,98,105,126,141,152,156,165,168,175,194,197],"growing":[24],"applications.":[25],"In":[26],"this":[27,47,72],"paper,":[28],"a":[29,39,74,114],"novel":[30,40],"multiple-access":[31],"network":[32,48],"cooperative":[34,143,157],"relay":[35,158],"is":[36,49,62,82,148],"presented,":[37],"enhanced":[41,100],"distributed":[42,101,108],"scheme":[45],"for":[46,136],"proposed.":[50],"overall":[52],"degree":[53,87],"distributions":[54,88],"derived,":[56],"asymptotic":[59],"decoding":[60],"performance":[61,116,146],"analyzed":[63],"theoretically":[64],"by":[65,139,182],"employing":[66],"And-Or":[68],"tree":[69],"method.":[70],"On":[71],"basis,":[73],"design":[75],"method":[76],"using":[77],"joint":[78],"iterative":[79],"optimization":[80],"algorithms":[81],"proposed":[83,99,127,169],"to":[84,151,155,161,173,188],"optimize":[85],"sources":[91,138,153],"relays.":[93],"Simulation":[94],"results":[95],"show":[96],"that":[97,125],"codes":[103,110,128,170],"outperform":[104],"existing":[106],"generalized":[107],"(GDFC)":[111],"have":[113],"good":[115],"on":[117],"both":[118],"lossless":[119],"lossy":[121],"channels.":[122],"It":[123],"reveals":[124],"can":[129],"provide":[130],"unequal":[131],"error":[132],"protection":[133],"(UEP)":[134],"property":[135],"different":[137],"introducing":[140],"extra":[142],"relay.":[144],"improvement":[147],"not":[149],"restricted":[150],"connected":[154],"but":[159],"applies":[160],"all":[162],"sources.":[163],"With":[164],"additional":[166],"relay,":[167],"able":[172],"overcome":[174],"effects":[176],"bad":[178],"channel":[179],"conditions":[180],"caused":[181],"terrain,":[183],"obstacles,":[184],"so":[186],"on,":[187],"avoid":[189],"communication":[190],"interruptions":[191],"improve":[193],"network.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-29T08:15:47.926485","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}