{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294958966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14091824","title":"Development of a Quality-Based Model for Software Architecture Optimization: A Case Study of Monolith and Microservice Architectures","display_name":"Development of a Quality-Based Model for Software Architecture Optimization: A Case Study of Monolith and Microservice Architectures","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294958966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14091824"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14091824","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14091824","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/9/1824/pdf?version=1662108935","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/9/1824/pdf?version=1662108935","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018441402","display_name":"Milo\u0161 Mili\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-7607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4068193","display_name":"University of Belgrade","ror":"https://ror.org/02qsmb048","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Milo\u0161 Mili\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Belgrade, Jove Ili\u0107a 154, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Belgrade, Jove Ili\u0107a 154, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080559743","display_name":"Dragana Makaji\u0107-Nikoli\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0790-6791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4068193","display_name":"University of Belgrade","ror":"https://ror.org/02qsmb048","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dragana Makaji\u0107-Nikoli\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Operation Research and Statistics, Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Belgrade, Jove Ili\u0107a 154, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0790-6791","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Operation Research and Statistics, Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Belgrade, Jove Ili\u0107a 154, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018441402"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.4256,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8253012,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"9","first_page":"1824","last_page":"1824"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7231302261352539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microservices","display_name":"Microservices","score":0.5979690551757812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.5692852139472961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-metric","display_name":"Software metric","score":0.4680091440677643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.45953819155693054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4494846761226654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.4479029178619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-oriented-architecture","display_name":"Resource-oriented architecture","score":0.44572484493255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.42424148321151733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-sizing","display_name":"Software sizing","score":0.42043715715408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-architecture","display_name":"Software architecture","score":0.4199269413948059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4045772850513458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.15517181158065796}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7231302261352539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778505942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18344624","display_name":"Microservices","level":3,"score":0.5979690551757812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.5692852139472961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82214349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657339","display_name":"Software metric","level":5,"score":0.4680091440677643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.45953819155693054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4494846761226654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.4479029178619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97382630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13501132","display_name":"Resource-oriented architecture","level":5,"score":0.44572484493255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.42424148321151733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201515116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554363","display_name":"Software sizing","level":5,"score":0.42043715715408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35869016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846636","display_name":"Software architecture","level":3,"score":0.4199269413948059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4045772850513458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.15517181158065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14091824","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14091824","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/9/1824/pdf?version=1662108935","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:rfos.fon.bg.ac.rs:123456789/2280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://rfos.fon.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2280","pdf_url":"https://rfos.fon.bg.ac.rs/bitstream/123456789/2280/1/2276.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry-Basel","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:00d07d8a73494496b9d58dd762aeeaf2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/00d07d8a73494496b9d58dd762aeeaf2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 14, Iss 9, p 1824 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/14/9/1824/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14091824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry; Volume 14; Issue 9; Pages: 1824","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14091824","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14091824","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/9/1824/pdf?version=1662108935","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294958966.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294958966.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5506016","https://openalex.org/W2001635349","https://openalex.org/W2024527596","https://openalex.org/W2038476425","https://openalex.org/W2044376982","https://openalex.org/W2045320819","https://openalex.org/W2066437172","https://openalex.org/W2071733179","https://openalex.org/W2076528756","https://openalex.org/W2102679355","https://openalex.org/W2130088049","https://openalex.org/W2134485500","https://openalex.org/W2136136908","https://openalex.org/W2137560763","https://openalex.org/W2140243388","https://openalex.org/W2145766279","https://openalex.org/W2151363955","https://openalex.org/W2155009704","https://openalex.org/W2157283521","https://openalex.org/W2162366870","https://openalex.org/W2167363007","https://openalex.org/W2171383742","https://openalex.org/W2322013807","https://openalex.org/W2351197002","https://openalex.org/W2363799590","https://openalex.org/W2413590361","https://openalex.org/W2510770814","https://openalex.org/W2554214302","https://openalex.org/W2556413364","https://openalex.org/W2563693940","https://openalex.org/W2604000799","https://openalex.org/W2607847175","https://openalex.org/W2613170448","https://openalex.org/W2621393611","https://openalex.org/W2765916961","https://openalex.org/W2772864159","https://openalex.org/W2794512073","https://openalex.org/W2799310732","https://openalex.org/W2884367066","https://openalex.org/W2884453255","https://openalex.org/W2888006113","https://openalex.org/W2932758746","https://openalex.org/W2946720642","https://openalex.org/W3042173389","https://openalex.org/W3163266571","https://openalex.org/W4250780101"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4309402661","https://openalex.org/W3028364416","https://openalex.org/W2593390545","https://openalex.org/W2594649443","https://openalex.org/W2625935803","https://openalex.org/W2951222477","https://openalex.org/W2068483578","https://openalex.org/W3217121051","https://openalex.org/W2182881874","https://openalex.org/W2114733359"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Various":[0],"architectures":[1,26,60,188,258],"can":[2,189,283],"be":[3,121,190,243,250,284],"applied":[4],"in":[5,27,61,147,200,213,222,228,259,274],"software":[6,25,31,51,87,94,144,156,169,172,211,215,224,240,257,262,268,281],"design.":[7],"The":[8,74,90,111],"aim":[9],"of":[10,19,30,64,116,142,165,186,195,203,210,231,261],"this":[11],"research":[12],"is":[13,113,145],"to":[14,39,206,271,276],"examine":[15],"a":[16,78,127,148,207,234,279],"typical":[17],"implementation":[18],"Jakarta":[20],"EE":[21],"monolithic":[22,57,166,223],"and":[23,48,58,70,96,108,133,150,167,245],"microservice":[24,59,168,214],"the":[28,62,114,124,139,143,154,175,181,187,193,201,229,239],"context":[29,63],"quality":[32,35,41,46,52,72,235,263],"attributes.":[33,53,73],"Software":[34],"standards":[36],"are":[37,220],"used":[38],"define":[40],"models,":[42],"as":[43,45,104,106],"well":[44,105],"characteristics":[47],"sub-characteristics,":[49],"i.e.,":[50],"This":[54,137],"paper":[55],"evaluates":[56],"Coupling,":[65],"Testability,":[66],"Security,":[67],"Complexity,":[68],"Deployability,":[69],"Availability":[71],"performed":[75],"examinations":[76],"yielded":[77],"quality-based":[79],"mixed":[80],"integer":[81],"goal":[82],"programming":[83],"mathematical":[84],"model":[85,91],"for":[86,238],"architecture":[88,248],"optimization.":[89],"incorporates":[92],"various":[93],"metrics":[95,173,212],"considers":[97],"their":[98],"maximal,":[99],"minimal":[100],"or":[101],"targeted":[102],"values,":[103,177],"upper":[107],"lower":[109],"deviations.":[110],"objective":[112],"sum":[115],"all":[117],"deviations,":[118],"which":[119,129],"should":[120,242,249],"minimal.":[122],"Considering":[123],"presented":[125],"model,":[126],"solution":[128],"incorporated":[130],"multiple":[131],"monoliths":[132],"microservices":[134],"was":[135,178],"defined.":[136],"way,":[138],"internal":[140],"structure":[141],"defined":[146],"consistent":[149],"symmetrical":[151],"context,":[152],"while":[153],"external":[155],"behavior":[157],"remains":[158],"unchanged.":[159],"In":[160],"addition,":[161],"an":[162,198,246],"intersection":[163,182],"point":[164],"architectures,":[170],"where":[171],"obtain":[174],"same":[176],"introduced.":[179],"Within":[180],"point,":[183],"either":[184],"one":[185],"applied.":[191],"With":[192],"exception":[194],"some":[196],"metrics,":[197],"increase":[199,209,227],"number":[202,230],"features":[204,232],"leads":[205],"value":[208],"architecture,":[216],"whilst":[217],"these":[218],"values":[219],"constant":[221],"architecture.":[225],"An":[226],"indicated":[233],"attribute\u2019s":[236],"importance":[237],"system":[241,269],"examined":[244],"appropriate":[247],"selected":[251],"accordingly.":[252],"Finally,":[253],"practical":[254],"recommendations":[255],"regarding":[256],"terms":[260],"were":[264],"given.":[265],"Since":[266],"each":[267],"needs":[270],"meet":[272],"non-functional":[273],"addition":[275],"functional":[277],"requirements,":[278],"quality-driven":[280],"engineering":[282],"established.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}