{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285594686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14071445","title":"Verifiable (2, n) Image Secret Sharing Scheme Using Sudoku Matrix","display_name":"Verifiable (2, n) Image Secret Sharing Scheme Using Sudoku Matrix","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285594686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14071445"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14071445","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14071445","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/7/1445/pdf?version=1657787546","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/7/1445/pdf?version=1657787546","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080288399","display_name":"Yi-Hui Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9932-0594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173093425","display_name":"Chang Gung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00d80zx46","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173093425"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093821","display_name":"Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00k194y12","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093821"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Hui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan","Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9932-0594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173093425"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093821"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005905294","display_name":"Jia-Ye Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2900-8113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173093425","display_name":"Chang Gung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00d80zx46","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173093425"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia-Ye Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2900-8113","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173093425"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002489284","display_name":"Min\u2010Hsien Chiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87354575","display_name":"National Chengchi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rqk8h36","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87354575"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min-Hsien Chiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Chengchi University, Taipei City 11605, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Chengchi University, Taipei City 11605, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87354575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101725973","display_name":"Shih-Hsin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5635-536X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107470533","display_name":"Tamkang University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tft4718","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107470533"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shih-Hsin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5635-536X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107470533"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101725973"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107470533"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.6089,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67002919,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"7","first_page":"1445","last_page":"1445"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.8974474668502808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secret-sharing","display_name":"Secret sharing","score":0.7402517795562744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7337157726287842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6579804420471191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.6315701007843018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sharing","display_name":"Image sharing","score":0.5884020924568176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5164325833320618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.46970340609550476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.4611407220363617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.44940420985221863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4440825581550598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.41191551089286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3893882632255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31151726841926575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.29883038997650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18612784147262573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.8974474668502808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3087436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1386603","display_name":"Secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.7402517795562744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7337157726287842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6579804420471191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6315701007843018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780639701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q354869","display_name":"Image sharing","level":3,"score":0.5884020924568176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5164325833320618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.46970340609550476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4611407220363617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.44940420985221863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4440825581550598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.41191551089286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3893882632255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31151726841926575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.29883038997650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18612784147262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14071445","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14071445","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/7/1445/pdf?version=1657787546","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2bd54820b2cd47fe851bb940ea02eb52","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2bd54820b2cd47fe851bb940ea02eb52","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 14, Iss 7, p 1445 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/14/7/1445/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14071445","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14071445","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14071445","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/7/1445/pdf?version=1657787546","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285594686.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1671780007","https://openalex.org/W1998279455","https://openalex.org/W2010380519","https://openalex.org/W2012711090","https://openalex.org/W2029438024","https://openalex.org/W2056515392","https://openalex.org/W2057876259","https://openalex.org/W2074253957","https://openalex.org/W2075965608","https://openalex.org/W2082978919","https://openalex.org/W2088399161","https://openalex.org/W2095612451","https://openalex.org/W2141420453","https://openalex.org/W2158807150","https://openalex.org/W2170269447","https://openalex.org/W2227996660","https://openalex.org/W2322525404","https://openalex.org/W2342152533","https://openalex.org/W2400363826","https://openalex.org/W2470053147","https://openalex.org/W2508016950","https://openalex.org/W2508330072","https://openalex.org/W2534300561","https://openalex.org/W2535009048","https://openalex.org/W2751049056","https://openalex.org/W2790448960","https://openalex.org/W2793696846","https://openalex.org/W2806483402","https://openalex.org/W2905057027","https://openalex.org/W2921154501","https://openalex.org/W2969448873","https://openalex.org/W2970496879","https://openalex.org/W3034329490","https://openalex.org/W3040536050","https://openalex.org/W3043309633","https://openalex.org/W3110579973","https://openalex.org/W3150112254","https://openalex.org/W4213196797","https://openalex.org/W6779473996"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557783852","https://openalex.org/W1474916271","https://openalex.org/W2363629235","https://openalex.org/W2998215210","https://openalex.org/W3199385136","https://openalex.org/W2375034746","https://openalex.org/W3088939963","https://openalex.org/W2903468147","https://openalex.org/W4308843793","https://openalex.org/W2189399808"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"Internet":[1],"technology":[2],"continues":[3],"to":[4,26,53,66,110],"profoundly":[5],"impact":[6],"our":[7,124],"lives,":[8],"techniques":[9],"for":[10],"information":[11],"protection":[12],"have":[13],"become":[14,18],"increasingly":[15],"advanced":[16],"and":[17,69,131],"a":[19,33,41],"common":[20],"discussion":[21],"topic.":[22],"With":[23],"the":[24,48,56,80,84,91,95,103,112,115,121],"aim":[25],"protect":[27],"private":[28],"images,":[29],"this":[30],"paper":[31],"splits":[32],"secret":[34,57,85,116],"image":[35],"into":[36],"n":[37],"individual":[38],"shares":[39,49,60,96],"using":[40],"Sudoku":[42],"matrix":[43,76],"with":[44],"authentication":[45,105,132],"features.":[46],"Later,":[47],"can":[50,97,107],"be":[51,98,108],"compiled":[52],"completely":[54],"reconstruct":[55],"image.":[58,117],"The":[59],"are":[61],"meaningful":[62],"ones":[63],"in":[64,126],"order":[65],"avoid":[67],"detection":[68],"suspicion":[70],"among":[71],"malicious":[72],"users.":[73],"Our":[74],"proposed":[75],"is":[77,87],"unique":[78],"because":[79],"embedding":[81],"rate":[82],"of":[83,94,114,123,128],"data":[86],"very":[88],"high,":[89],"while":[90],"visual":[92,129],"quality":[93,130],"well":[99],"guaranteed.":[100],"In":[101],"addition,":[102],"embedded":[104],"codes":[106],"retrieved":[109],"authenticate":[111],"integrity":[113],"Experimental":[118],"results":[119],"prove":[120],"advantages":[122],"approach":[125],"terms":[127],"ability.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2022-07-16T00:00:00"}
