{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4282553105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14061182","title":"System Resilience Evaluation and Optimization Considering Epistemic Uncertainty","display_name":"System Resilience Evaluation and Optimization Considering Epistemic Uncertainty","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4282553105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14061182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14061182","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14061182","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/6/1182/pdf?version=1654680645","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/6/1182/pdf?version=1654680645","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035031594","display_name":"Qiang Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1986-8961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077376806","display_name":"Ruiying Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8044-4813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruiying Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102026831","display_name":"Rui Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-6574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rui Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-6574","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102026831"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.8069,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.680718,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"6","first_page":"1182","last_page":"1182"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.7715795636177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-quantification","display_name":"Uncertainty quantification","score":0.6413387656211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6384434700012207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.5675263404846191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5672938823699951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-theory","display_name":"Uncertainty theory","score":0.5189644694328308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.45800116658210754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-analysis","display_name":"Uncertainty analysis","score":0.45587414503097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-network","display_name":"Bayesian network","score":0.4517589509487152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interval","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","score":0.4189399480819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.41816315054893494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24151194095611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.238150954246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.22877731919288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.17124736309051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.08073338866233826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.7715795636177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32230216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7882499","display_name":"Uncertainty quantification","level":2,"score":0.6413387656211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6384434700012207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5675263404846191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5672938823699951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51152595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7882501","display_name":"Uncertainty theory","level":2,"score":0.5189644694328308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.45800116658210754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177803969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29205","display_name":"Uncertainty analysis","level":2,"score":0.45587414503097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33724603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812540","display_name":"Bayesian network","level":2,"score":0.4517589509487152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4189399480819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.41816315054893494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24151194095611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.238150954246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.22877731919288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.17124736309051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.08073338866233826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14061182","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14061182","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/6/1182/pdf?version=1654680645","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:34ea312736b94d62a85f401a7db92a1f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/34ea312736b94d62a85f401a7db92a1f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 14, Iss 6, p 1182 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/14/6/1182/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14061182","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14061182","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14061182","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/6/1182/pdf?version=1654680645","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2705136316","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61773044","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3292248408","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61773044","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329137","funder_display_name":"National key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G389188563","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"WDZC2019601A301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329137","funder_display_name":"National key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7943329327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"WDZC2019601A301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329137","display_name":"National key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4282553105.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1110204484","https://openalex.org/W1505119482","https://openalex.org/W1795119007","https://openalex.org/W1965510933","https://openalex.org/W1966148874","https://openalex.org/W1971647087","https://openalex.org/W1977548549","https://openalex.org/W1980300379","https://openalex.org/W1982747185","https://openalex.org/W1997645415","https://openalex.org/W2013750707","https://openalex.org/W2025216328","https://openalex.org/W2070474574","https://openalex.org/W2079591656","https://openalex.org/W2081779205","https://openalex.org/W2084780045","https://openalex.org/W2110013894","https://openalex.org/W2111959010","https://openalex.org/W2128013735","https://openalex.org/W2151376743","https://openalex.org/W2161477551","https://openalex.org/W2185760344","https://openalex.org/W2202424629","https://openalex.org/W2342927499","https://openalex.org/W2346233588","https://openalex.org/W2577067631","https://openalex.org/W2759874753","https://openalex.org/W2767288477","https://openalex.org/W2771287872","https://openalex.org/W2792975891","https://openalex.org/W2795073482","https://openalex.org/W2800932052","https://openalex.org/W2901863007","https://openalex.org/W2930997161","https://openalex.org/W2968378051","https://openalex.org/W2971380963","https://openalex.org/W3004092984","https://openalex.org/W3004988100","https://openalex.org/W3016097063","https://openalex.org/W3023523917","https://openalex.org/W3025946171","https://openalex.org/W3086633294","https://openalex.org/W3088975284","https://openalex.org/W3110712720","https://openalex.org/W3173517881","https://openalex.org/W3183985156","https://openalex.org/W3202437015","https://openalex.org/W3210861848","https://openalex.org/W4224044836","https://openalex.org/W4224989485","https://openalex.org/W4229031321","https://openalex.org/W6641749902","https://openalex.org/W6682597882","https://openalex.org/W6686515627"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W93577605","https://openalex.org/W2057769593","https://openalex.org/W4249135812","https://openalex.org/W2116089868","https://openalex.org/W1991803138","https://openalex.org/W3085242784","https://openalex.org/W4366814155","https://openalex.org/W1973963987","https://openalex.org/W2037638241","https://openalex.org/W2018508097"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Epistemic":[0],"uncertainties,":[1],"caused":[2],"by":[3],"data":[4,24],"asymmetry":[5],"and":[6,29,37,60,168,207],"deficiencies,":[7],"exist":[8],"in":[9,13,43,68,80,154],"resilience":[10,27,45,82,95,118,144],"evaluation.":[11],"Especially":[12],"the":[14,44,69,72,81,127,139,151,185],"system":[15,26,183],"design":[16,158,178],"process,":[17],"it":[18],"is":[19,84,107,119,126,147,166,172],"difficult":[20],"to":[21,63,76,174,179],"obtain":[22],"enough":[23],"for":[25,47,111],"evaluation":[28,46,83,145],"improvement.":[30],"Mathematics":[31],"methods,":[32],"such":[33],"as":[34,109,121,193],"evidence":[35],"theory":[36],"Bayesian":[38],"theory,":[39,100],"have":[40],"been":[41],"used":[42,192],"systems":[48],"with":[49,184],"epistemic":[50,78,113],"uncertainty.":[51,114],"However,":[52],"these":[53],"methods":[54],"are":[55,191],"based":[56,97,149],"on":[57,98,150],"subjective":[58],"information":[59],"may":[61],"lead":[62],"an":[64,122,162,176],"interval":[65],"expansion":[66],"problem":[67,73],"calculation.":[70],"Therefore,":[71],"of":[74,104,130],"how":[75],"quantify":[77],"uncertainty":[79,99,123,155],"not":[85],"well":[86],"solved.":[87],"In":[88,115],"this":[89],"paper,":[90],"we":[91],"propose":[92],"a":[93,101,131,143,159,169,181,194],"new":[94,102],"measure":[96,124],"branch":[103],"mathematics":[105],"that":[106,125,136,200],"viewed":[108],"appropriate":[110],"modeling":[112],"our":[116,201],"method,":[117],"defined":[120],"belief":[128],"degree":[129],"system\u2019s":[132],"behavior":[133],"after":[134],"disruptions":[135],"can":[137,203],"achieve":[138],"predetermined":[140],"goal.":[141],"Then,":[142],"method":[146,202],"provided":[148],"operation":[152],"law":[153],"theory.":[156],"To":[157],"resilient":[160,182],"system,":[161],"uncertain":[163],"programming":[164],"model":[165],"given,":[167],"genetic":[170],"algorithm":[171],"applied":[173],"find":[175],"optimal":[177],"develop":[180],"minimal":[186],"cost.":[187],"Finally,":[188],"road":[189],"networks":[190],"case":[195],"study.":[196],"The":[197],"results":[198],"show":[199],"effectively":[204],"reduce":[205],"cost":[206],"ensure":[208],"network":[209],"resilience.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}