{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281763099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14061149","title":"Model Selection Using K-Means Clustering Algorithm for the Symmetrical Segmentation of Remote Sensing Datasets","display_name":"Model Selection Using K-Means Clustering Algorithm for the Symmetrical Segmentation of Remote Sensing Datasets","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281763099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14061149"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14061149","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14061149","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/6/1149/pdf?version=1654315654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/6/1149/pdf?version=1654315654","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027997494","display_name":"Ishfaq Ali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181063083","display_name":"Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan","ror":"https://ror.org/03b9y4e65","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ishfaq Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053314319","display_name":"Atiq Ur Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0248-7919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121243025","display_name":"International Islamic University, Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/047w75g40","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atiq Ur Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003729078","display_name":"Dost Muhammad Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3919-8136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181063083","display_name":"Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan","ror":"https://ror.org/03b9y4e65","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dost Muhammad Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3919-8136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084849204","display_name":"Zardad Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-9143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181063083","display_name":"Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan","ror":"https://ror.org/03b9y4e65","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zardad Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040905393","display_name":"Muhammad Shafiq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7337-7608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55240360","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Shafiq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7337-7608","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012483680","display_name":"Jin\u2010Ghoo Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7186-2156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55240360","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jin-Ghoo Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7186-2156","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012483680","https://openalex.org/A5040905393"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":5.688,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9645356,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"6","first_page":"1149","last_page":"1149"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10637","display_name":"Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10637","display_name":"Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7790731191635132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7228987216949463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centroid","display_name":"Centroid","score":0.6707340478897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5572595000267029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5449967384338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4983639717102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-means-clustering","display_name":"k-means clustering","score":0.45494744181632996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/determining-the-number-of-clusters-in-a-data-set","display_name":"Determining the number of clusters in a data set","score":0.41514474153518677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy-clustering-algorithm","display_name":"Canopy clustering algorithm","score":0.39059773087501526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.381283700466156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3423115015029907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-clustering","display_name":"Correlation clustering","score":0.3119173049926758}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7790731191635132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7228987216949463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146599234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q511093","display_name":"Centroid","level":2,"score":0.6707340478897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5572595000267029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5449967384338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4983639717102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207968372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310401","display_name":"k-means clustering","level":3,"score":0.45494744181632996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149872217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5265701","display_name":"Determining the number of clusters in a data set","level":5,"score":0.41514474153518677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104047586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033439","display_name":"Canopy clustering algorithm","level":4,"score":0.39059773087501526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.381283700466156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3423115015029907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94641424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172845","display_name":"Correlation clustering","level":3,"score":0.3119173049926758}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14061149","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14061149","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/6/1149/pdf?version=1654315654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3131f96569414f97a223f7764e6605dd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3131f96569414f97a223f7764e6605dd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 14, Iss 6, p 1149 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/14/6/1149/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14061149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry; Volume 14; Issue 6; Pages: 1149","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14061149","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14061149","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/6/1149/pdf?version=1654315654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281763099.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W332214200","https://openalex.org/W579153682","https://openalex.org/W1975152892","https://openalex.org/W1987971958","https://openalex.org/W1992724796","https://openalex.org/W2008788779","https://openalex.org/W2011430131","https://openalex.org/W2029064186","https://openalex.org/W2051224630","https://openalex.org/W2057923756","https://openalex.org/W2071949631","https://openalex.org/W2085487226","https://openalex.org/W2090658088","https://openalex.org/W2127218421","https://openalex.org/W2130539320","https://openalex.org/W2189625117","https://openalex.org/W2234634182","https://openalex.org/W2319362789","https://openalex.org/W2483310596","https://openalex.org/W2528237000","https://openalex.org/W2560185252","https://openalex.org/W2615533740","https://openalex.org/W2759444245","https://openalex.org/W2778728785","https://openalex.org/W2783332224","https://openalex.org/W2811460041","https://openalex.org/W2885238836","https://openalex.org/W2901602964","https://openalex.org/W2940570065","https://openalex.org/W2941039974","https://openalex.org/W2981860795","https://openalex.org/W2983751658","https://openalex.org/W4221126582","https://openalex.org/W4233287056","https://openalex.org/W6682346614","https://openalex.org/W6686980507","https://openalex.org/W6730107233","https://openalex.org/W6753939893","https://openalex.org/W6795848648"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2559422900","https://openalex.org/W2050713761","https://openalex.org/W2036298232","https://openalex.org/W2738096727","https://openalex.org/W4240938748","https://openalex.org/W2892323093","https://openalex.org/W1525022337","https://openalex.org/W2171610853","https://openalex.org/W2103650652","https://openalex.org/W1584028106"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"importance":[1],"of":[2,31,73,92,116,190,197,209,220],"unsupervised":[3,18],"clustering":[4,40,46,63],"methods":[5],"is":[6,48,81,109,126,129,158,235],"well":[7],"established":[8],"in":[9,39,54,75,202,213],"the":[10,44,55,70,89,102,106,121,132,138,142,148,153,162,180,188,191,195,210,217,221,227,238,251],"statistics":[11],"and":[12,37,51,134,145,173,204,230,244],"machine":[13,56,182],"learning":[14,57,183],"literature.":[15],"Many":[16],"sophisticated":[17],"classification":[19],"techniques":[20],"have":[21],"been":[22],"made":[23],"available":[24],"to":[25,34,68,82,113],"deal":[26],"with":[27,61,170,194],"a":[28,41,84,96,114],"growing":[29],"number":[30,72,91],"datasets.":[32],"Due":[33],"its":[35],"simplicity":[36],"efficiency":[38],"large":[42],"dataset,":[43],"k-means":[45,107],"algorithm":[47,108,240],"still":[49],"popular":[50],"widely":[52],"used":[53],"community.":[58],"However,":[59],"as":[60,152,201],"other":[62],"methods,":[64],"it":[65,234],"requires":[66],"one":[67,154],"choose":[69],"balanced":[71,122],"clusters":[74,143],"advance.":[76],"This":[77,128],"paper\u2019s":[78],"primary":[79],"emphasis":[80],"develop":[83],"novel":[85],"method":[86,193],"for":[87,141,155],"finding":[88],"optimum":[90,123],"clusters,":[93],"k,":[94],"using":[95,206],"data-driven":[97],"approach.":[98],"Taking":[99],"into":[100],"account":[101],"cluster":[103],"symmetry":[104,157],"property,":[105],"applied":[110],"multiple":[111],"times":[112],"range":[115],"k":[117,124,150],"values":[118,140],"within":[119],"which":[120,156],"value":[125,151],"expected.":[127],"based":[130],"on":[131,166,175],"uniqueness":[133],"symmetrical":[135],"nature":[136],"among":[137],"centroid":[139],"produced,":[144],"we":[146],"chose":[147],"final":[149],"observed.":[159],"We":[160,185],"evaluated":[161,187],"proposed":[163,192,239],"algorithm\u2019s":[164],"performance":[165,189],"different":[167],"simulated":[168],"datasets":[169,177],"controlled":[171],"parameters":[172],"also":[174,186],"real":[176,231],"taken":[178,215],"from":[179,216],"UCI":[181],"repository.":[184],"aim":[196],"remote":[198],"sensing,":[199],"such":[200],"deforestation":[203],"urbanization,":[205],"satellite":[207,219],"images":[208],"Islamabad":[211],"region":[212],"Pakistan,":[214],"Sentinel-2B":[218],"United":[222],"States":[223],"Geological":[224],"Survey.":[225],"From":[226],"experimental":[228],"results":[229],"data":[232],"analysis,":[233],"concluded":[236],"that":[237],"has":[241],"better":[242],"accuracy":[243],"minimum":[245],"root":[246],"mean":[247],"square":[248],"error":[249],"than":[250],"existing":[252],"methods.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
