{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280634214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14051012","title":"The Application of the Modified Prim\u2019s Algorithm to Restore the Power System Using Renewable Energy Sources","display_name":"The Application of the Modified Prim\u2019s Algorithm to Restore the Power System Using Renewable Energy Sources","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280634214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14051012"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14051012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14051012","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/5/1012/pdf?version=1652946357","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/5/1012/pdf?version=1652946357","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011560945","display_name":"Artur \u0141ukaszewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2542-0787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Artur \u0141ukaszewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Power Engineering Institute, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa Street 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2542-0787","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Power Engineering Institute, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa Street 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005343332","display_name":"\u0141ukasz Nogal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3983-6345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u0141ukasz Nogal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Power Engineering Institute, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa Street 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3983-6345","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Power Engineering Institute, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa Street 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064030416","display_name":"Marcin Januszewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8404-8922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcin Januszewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Power Engineering Institute, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa Street 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Power Engineering Institute, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa Street 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005343332"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.3639,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55947153,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"5","first_page":"1012","last_page":"1012"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.6841692328453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6662527322769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6634764671325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.5943880081176758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjacency-list","display_name":"Adjacency list","score":0.5788176655769348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjacency-matrix","display_name":"Adjacency matrix","score":0.5361974239349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5189054608345032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5048471093177795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-theory","display_name":"Graph theory","score":0.45999062061309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.4161025285720825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.36626163125038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.2823238968849182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17721033096313477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16832759976387024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.150154709815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13966327905654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6841692328453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6662527322769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6634764671325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.5943880081176758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110484373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264398","display_name":"Adjacency list","level":2,"score":0.5788176655769348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180356752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727035","display_name":"Adjacency matrix","level":3,"score":0.5361974239349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5189054608345032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5048471093177795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.45999062061309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.4161025285720825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.36626163125038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.2823238968849182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17721033096313477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16832759976387024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.150154709815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13966327905654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14051012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14051012","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/5/1012/pdf?version=1652946357","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:43a30c56b35a4c81aa489b62ff0d1a87","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/43a30c56b35a4c81aa489b62ff0d1a87","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 14, Iss 5, p 1012 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/14/5/1012/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14051012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry; Volume 14; Issue 5; Pages: 1012","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14051012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14051012","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/5/1012/pdf?version=1652946357","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322637","display_name":"Politechnika Warszawska","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280634214.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280634214.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1543697562","https://openalex.org/W1969323923","https://openalex.org/W2037699625","https://openalex.org/W2091816118","https://openalex.org/W2148708212","https://openalex.org/W2169820422","https://openalex.org/W2337871104","https://openalex.org/W2395818922","https://openalex.org/W2491638852","https://openalex.org/W2510601948","https://openalex.org/W2604377096","https://openalex.org/W2604409470","https://openalex.org/W2613326656","https://openalex.org/W2623911754","https://openalex.org/W2726498110","https://openalex.org/W2733822488","https://openalex.org/W2741750673","https://openalex.org/W2765983103","https://openalex.org/W2766535274","https://openalex.org/W2769724046","https://openalex.org/W2782990685","https://openalex.org/W2809148058","https://openalex.org/W2883019382","https://openalex.org/W2889332507","https://openalex.org/W2906097456","https://openalex.org/W2907629701","https://openalex.org/W2926136322","https://openalex.org/W2929012204","https://openalex.org/W2949842782","https://openalex.org/W2963149075","https://openalex.org/W2969817517","https://openalex.org/W2972497666","https://openalex.org/W2981955743","https://openalex.org/W2982150485","https://openalex.org/W2985364839","https://openalex.org/W2988984162","https://openalex.org/W3039002213","https://openalex.org/W3042349577","https://openalex.org/W3098125608","https://openalex.org/W3120694674","https://openalex.org/W3164291509","https://openalex.org/W3189775458","https://openalex.org/W3190160068","https://openalex.org/W4366002716"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4213150077","https://openalex.org/W2369410163","https://openalex.org/W2059018062","https://openalex.org/W2604585036","https://openalex.org/W2078477160","https://openalex.org/W1989103179","https://openalex.org/W1991172810","https://openalex.org/W125803343","https://openalex.org/W2153421018","https://openalex.org/W2117632582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,134,144,166,189,217,230],"recent":[1],"trends":[2],"in":[3,213],"the":[4,12,21,27,75,114,123,125,131,138,150,180,196,203,214,221,226],"development":[5],"of":[6,23,26,47,78,153,179,225],"power":[7,28,52,89,93,126,161,164,242],"systems":[8],"are":[9,42,142],"focused":[10],"on":[11,69,87,149,157,175,209],"Self-Healing":[13],"Grid":[14],"technology":[15],"fusing":[16],"renewable":[17,55,96,186],"energy":[18,37,56,97,187],"sources.":[19,57,98],"In":[20,122],"event":[22],"a":[24,44,51,88,173,176,185,237],"failure":[25],"system,":[29],"automated":[30],"distribution":[31,181,243],"grids":[32],"should":[33],"continue":[34],"to":[35,38,62,85,109,119,241],"supply":[36],"consumers.":[39],"Unfortunately,":[40],"there":[41],"currently":[43],"limited":[45],"number":[46],"algorithms":[48,67],"for":[49,137],"rebuilding":[50],"system":[53,127],"with":[54,195],"This":[58,72,99],"problem":[59],"is":[60,101,106,117,128,147],"possible":[61],"solve":[63],"by":[64,130,171,184],"implementing":[65],"restoration":[66,228,238],"based":[68,148,208],"graph":[70,111,210],"theory.":[71],"article":[73],"presents":[74],"new":[76],"modification":[77],"Prim\u2019s":[79,104],"algorithm,":[80,124],"which":[81,199],"has":[82],"been":[83],"adapted":[84,118],"operate":[86],"grid":[90,182],"containing":[91],"several":[92],"sources,":[94],"including":[95],"solution":[100,116,168],"unique":[102],"because":[103],"algorithm":[105,232],"ultimately":[107],"dedicated":[108,240],"single-source":[110],"topologies,":[112],"while":[113],"proposed":[115],"multi-source":[120],"topologies.":[121],"modeled":[129],"adjacency":[132,135],"matrices.":[133],"matrixes":[136],"considered":[139],"undirected":[140],"graphs":[141],"symmetric.":[143],"novel":[145,227],"logic":[146,191,239],"original":[151],"method":[152],"determining":[154],"weights":[155],"depending":[156],"active":[158,163],"power,":[159],"reactive":[160],"and":[162,223],"losses.":[165],"developed":[167],"was":[169,193],"verified":[170],"performing":[172],"simulation":[174],"test":[177],"model":[178],"powered":[183],"source.":[188],"control":[190],"concept":[192],"compared":[194],"reference":[197],"algorithms,":[198],"were":[200],"chosen":[201],"from":[202],"ideas":[204],"representing":[205],"available":[206],"approaches":[207],"theory":[211],"present":[212],"scientific":[215],"publications.":[216],"conducted":[218],"research":[219],"confirmed":[220],"effectiveness":[222],"validity":[224],"strategy.":[229],"presented":[231],"may":[233],"be":[234],"applied":[235],"as":[236],"systems.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
