{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229371095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14050947","title":"An Intelligent Congestion Control Strategy in Heterogeneous V2X Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"An Intelligent Congestion Control Strategy in Heterogeneous V2X Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229371095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14050947"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14050947","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14050947","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/5/947/pdf?version=1655957307","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/5/947/pdf?version=1655957307","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044865254","display_name":"Hui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7633-4187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110558","display_name":"Xi'an Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/01t8prc81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100358572","display_name":"Haoyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7289-4184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Transportation Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Transportation Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100761671","display_name":"Yuan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0468-385X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110558","display_name":"Xi'an Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/01t8prc81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044865254"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.4463,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54643622,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"5","first_page":"947","last_page":"947"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9650999903678894,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8559935688972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8288634419441223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-congestion","display_name":"Network congestion","score":0.7596550583839417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.6892369985580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.6024889945983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5133592486381531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.5033757090568542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4556383192539215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.44672995805740356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.44407689571380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moment","display_name":"Moment (physics)","score":0.43670979142189026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-congestion","display_name":"Traffic congestion","score":0.4254436790943146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.41206175088882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.25162220001220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23654723167419434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.11746641993522644}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8559935688972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8288634419441223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195563490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180368","display_name":"Network congestion","level":3,"score":0.7596550583839417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.6892369985580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.6024889945983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5133592486381531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.5033757090568542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4556383192539215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.44672995805740356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.44407689571380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179254644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222844","display_name":"Moment (physics)","level":2,"score":0.43670979142189026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779888511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244156","display_name":"Traffic congestion","level":2,"score":0.4254436790943146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.41206175088882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.25162220001220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23654723167419434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.11746641993522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14050947","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14050947","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/5/947/pdf?version=1655957307","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bd107a13510e429188feb3f936730b00","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bd107a13510e429188feb3f936730b00","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 14, Iss 5, p 947 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/14/5/947/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14050947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry; Volume 14; Issue 5; Pages: 947","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14050947","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14050947","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/5/947/pdf?version=1655957307","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325627","display_name":"Education Department of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4229371095.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4229371095.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021085547","https://openalex.org/W2022844530","https://openalex.org/W2023835067","https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W2163006843","https://openalex.org/W2468121020","https://openalex.org/W2549946132","https://openalex.org/W2602923095","https://openalex.org/W2735148100","https://openalex.org/W2787942757","https://openalex.org/W2790953688","https://openalex.org/W2909859782","https://openalex.org/W2936630080","https://openalex.org/W2962175345","https://openalex.org/W2963000651","https://openalex.org/W2977839413","https://openalex.org/W2997029642","https://openalex.org/W2997499903","https://openalex.org/W3006473131","https://openalex.org/W3015159979","https://openalex.org/W3033651875","https://openalex.org/W3082335637","https://openalex.org/W3083092406","https://openalex.org/W3092226635","https://openalex.org/W3160122680","https://openalex.org/W3189039155","https://openalex.org/W3197697558","https://openalex.org/W3209001049","https://openalex.org/W6772209873","https://openalex.org/W7009153673","https://openalex.org/W7070955472"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W3084456289","https://openalex.org/W2904416601","https://openalex.org/W2973192971","https://openalex.org/W4390341805","https://openalex.org/W3069032","https://openalex.org/W4210448965"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High":[0],"mobility":[1],"and":[2,183,185],"the":[3,9,29,41,67,80,94,114,119,122,130,133,137,162,170,174],"complexity":[4],"of":[5,12,31,44,71,82,108,132,156,179],"mobile":[6],"behavior":[7],"are":[8,159],"main":[10,42],"characteristics":[11,21],"nodes":[13],"in":[14,61,141,177,193],"Vehicle":[15],"to":[16,38,48,73,78,117,128],"Everything":[17],"(V2X).":[18],"Furthermore,":[19],"these":[20],"entail":[22],"that":[23,169],"resource":[24],"deployment":[25],"cannot":[26],"effectively":[27,187],"meet":[28,66],"demands":[30],"users":[32],"for":[33,136],"differentiated":[34],"service":[35,69],"quality.":[36],"Due":[37],"this":[39,45],"significance,":[40],"objective":[43],"study":[46],"is":[47,88,111,126],"propose":[49],"an":[50,142],"intelligent":[51,143],"congestion":[52,84,98,123,134,144],"control":[53,99,145],"strategy":[54,146],"based":[55,101,147],"on":[56,102,148,161],"deep":[57],"reinforcement":[58],"learning":[59],"(ICCDRL)":[60],"heterogeneous":[62],"V2X,":[63],"which":[64],"can":[65,186],"diverse":[68],"needs":[70],"vehicles":[72],"some":[74],"extent,":[75],"so":[76],"as":[77,113],"solve":[79],"problem":[81],"network":[83],"effectively.":[85],"The":[86,166],"proposal":[87],"implemented":[89],"through":[90],"three":[91],"aspects:":[92],"Firstly,":[93],"paper":[95],"establishes":[96],"a":[97,105,154],"model":[100],"DRL.":[103],"Secondly,":[104],"large":[106],"amount":[107],"QoS":[109,149],"data":[110],"used":[112,127],"training":[115],"set":[116],"optimize":[118],"model.":[120],"Finally,":[121],"sensitivity":[124],"factor":[125],"select":[129],"size":[131],"window":[135],"next":[138],"moment,":[139],"resulting":[140],"on-demand":[150],"drive.":[151],"For":[152],"verification,":[153],"series":[155],"simulation":[157,164],"experiments":[158],"designed":[160],"ns-3":[163],"platform.":[165],"results":[167],"show":[168],"proposed":[171],"ICCDRL":[172],"outperforms":[173],"traditional":[175],"algorithm":[176],"terms":[178],"throughput,":[180],"convergence,":[181],"friendliness":[182],"fairness,":[184],"guarantee":[188],"real-time,":[189],"reliable":[190],"information":[191],"interaction":[192],"V2X.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
