{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224991941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14050892","title":"Damage Effectiveness Calculation of Hitting Targets with Ammunition Based on Bayesian Multinomial Distribution","display_name":"Damage Effectiveness Calculation of Hitting Targets with Ammunition Based on Bayesian Multinomial Distribution","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224991941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14050892"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14050892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14050892","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/5/892/pdf?version=1651054719","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/5/892/pdf?version=1651054719","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027978593","display_name":"Haobang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183006215","display_name":"Shijiazhuang University","ror":"https://ror.org/028rmam09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183006215"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haobang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang 050003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang 050003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363","https://openalex.org/I183006215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077164545","display_name":"Xianming Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2165-0013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183006215","display_name":"Shijiazhuang University","ror":"https://ror.org/028rmam09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183006215"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xianming Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang 050003, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2165-0013","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang 050003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363","https://openalex.org/I183006215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077164545"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183006215","https://openalex.org/I4210163363"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":2.2066,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88391923,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"5","first_page":"892","last_page":"892"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11871","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11871","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13371","display_name":"Military Defense Systems Analysis","score":0.9539999961853027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11918","display_name":"Forecasting Techniques and Applications","score":0.9455000162124634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammunition","display_name":"Ammunition","score":0.9721488952636719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.6298032999038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain-monte-carlo","display_name":"Markov chain Monte Carlo","score":0.6149234771728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6075978875160217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multinomial-distribution","display_name":"Multinomial distribution","score":0.4623943567276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.45261579751968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prior-probability","display_name":"Prior probability","score":0.4299173355102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-inference","display_name":"Bayesian inference","score":0.4171251654624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3685053586959839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22441065311431885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.21187478303909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18643850088119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.06423386931419373}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554616519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185785","display_name":"Ammunition","level":2,"score":0.9721488952636719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.6298032999038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111350023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191869","display_name":"Markov chain Monte Carlo","level":3,"score":0.6149234771728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6075978875160217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192065140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147928","display_name":"Multinomial distribution","level":2,"score":0.4623943567276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.45261579751968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177769412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090","display_name":"Prior probability","level":3,"score":0.4299173355102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160234255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535","display_name":"Bayesian inference","level":3,"score":0.4171251654624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3685053586959839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22441065311431885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.21187478303909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18643850088119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.06423386931419373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14050892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14050892","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/5/892/pdf?version=1651054719","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:68c0c4656946485d964c8e8f9c2443e0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/68c0c4656946485d964c8e8f9c2443e0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 14, Iss 5, p 892 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/14/5/892/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14050892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry; Volume 14; Issue 5; Pages: 892","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14050892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14050892","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/5/892/pdf?version=1651054719","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224991941.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224991941.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998073888","https://openalex.org/W2009253656","https://openalex.org/W2062335898","https://openalex.org/W2095098224","https://openalex.org/W2127301223","https://openalex.org/W2161342128","https://openalex.org/W2295803031","https://openalex.org/W2428070046","https://openalex.org/W2806192928","https://openalex.org/W2966574348","https://openalex.org/W3039410360","https://openalex.org/W3158580437","https://openalex.org/W4211169028","https://openalex.org/W4220794166","https://openalex.org/W4221084604","https://openalex.org/W6752165080","https://openalex.org/W6795039790"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2482641102","https://openalex.org/W2064483411","https://openalex.org/W4283077537","https://openalex.org/W2999603699","https://openalex.org/W2464065341","https://openalex.org/W2947536360","https://openalex.org/W2164129707","https://openalex.org/W4292122269","https://openalex.org/W2968689489","https://openalex.org/W2949366006"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Owning":[0],"to":[1,12,33,56,128],"the":[2,35,64,72,76,91,106,130,142,160,170,179],"fact":[3],"that":[4,152],"ammunition":[5,27,96,111,164,174],"can":[6],"cause":[7],"varying":[8],"degrees":[9],"of":[10,23,37,46,60,67,74,78,95,110,134,163,173,185],"damage":[11,19,47,61,80,92,107,135,165,171,186],"its":[13],"target,":[14],"this":[15,88,103,125,153],"article":[16],"presents":[17],"a":[18,57],"effectiveness":[20,62,93,108,136,172],"calculation":[21,58,161],"method":[22,154],"hitting":[24],"targets":[25,98,113],"with":[26,52,99,114,138,182],"based":[28],"on":[29,71],"Bayesian":[30,139],"multinomial":[31],"distribution":[32,133],"solve":[34,129],"problems":[36],"complex":[38],"processes,":[39],"few":[40],"trial":[41],"times":[42],"and":[43,121,141],"difficult":[44],"calculations":[45],"probability":[48,66],"in":[49,158,175],"target-hitting":[50],"tests":[51],"high-tech":[53],"ammunition,":[54],"according":[55],"index":[59],"about":[63],"occurrence":[65],"different":[68],"damage.":[69],"Based":[70],"concept":[73],"symmetry,":[75],"idea":[77],"\u201cdivide":[79],"level\u2014determine":[81],"distribution\u2014integrate":[82],"information\u2014solve":[83],"distribution\u201d":[84],"is":[85,155],"adopted.":[86],"Firstly,":[87],"paper":[89,104,126],"describes":[90],"test":[94],"attacking":[97],"multiple":[100,183],"distributions;":[101],"secondly,":[102],"integrates":[105],"information":[109,181],"strike":[112],"Dempster\u2013Shafer":[115],"evidence":[116,119],"theory":[117,140],"(D\u2013S":[118],"theory)":[120],"symmetry":[122],"advantage;":[123],"finally,":[124],"attempts":[127],"symmetric":[131],"posterior":[132],"parameters":[137],"Markov":[143],"chain":[144],"Monte":[145],"Carlo":[146],"(MCMC)":[147],"method.":[148],"The":[149],"result":[150],"demonstrates":[151],"very":[156],"significant":[157],"improving":[159],"accuracy":[162],"effectiveness,":[166],"which":[167],"could":[168],"describe":[169],"detail":[176],"by":[177],"integrating":[178],"prior":[180],"types":[184],"effectiveness.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}