{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224278860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14040820","title":"Automatic Classification of Equivalent Mutants in Mutation Testing of Android Applications","display_name":"Automatic Classification of Equivalent Mutants in Mutation Testing of Android Applications","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224278860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14040820"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14040820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14040820","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/4/820/pdf?version=1649931420","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/4/820/pdf?version=1649931420","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018692878","display_name":"Muhammad Bello Kusharki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33783412","display_name":"Nigerian Defence Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/02nt7a109","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33783412"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Bello Kusharki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Technology, National Defence College, Abuja 900128, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2326","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Technology, National Defence College, Abuja 900128, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33783412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064136287","display_name":"Sanjay Misra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3556-9331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19923696","display_name":"\u00d8stfold University College","ror":"https://ror.org/04gf7fp41","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19923696"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sanjay Misra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Communication, \u00d8stfold University College, P.O. Box 700, NO-1757 Halden, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Communication, \u00d8stfold University College, P.O. Box 700, NO-1757 Halden, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19923696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080123539","display_name":"Bilkisu Larai Muhammad-Bello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-7175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165297","display_name":"Nile University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/05saqv884","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165297"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bilkisu Muhammad-Bello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Engineering & Information Technology Department, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja 900001, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-7175","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering & Information Technology Department, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja 900001, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165297"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043901944","display_name":"Ibrahim Anka Salihu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7015-8741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165297","display_name":"Nile University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/05saqv884","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165297"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Anka Salihu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Engineering & Information Technology Department, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja 900001, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7015-8741","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering & Information Technology Department, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja 900001, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165297"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015319989","display_name":"Bharti Suri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I105454292","display_name":"Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University","ror":"https://ror.org/034q1za58","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105454292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bharti Suri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University School of Information and Communication Technology, GGS Indraprastha University, Delhi 110078, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University School of Information and Communication Technology, GGS Indraprastha University, Delhi 110078, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105454292"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064136287"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19923696"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":2.4901,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88505393,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"820","last_page":"820"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7432628273963928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-box-testing","display_name":"White-box testing","score":0.5418754816055298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutation-testing","display_name":"Mutation testing","score":0.5407912731170654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-performance-testing","display_name":"Software performance testing","score":0.5374714732170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.5059413313865662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-regression-testing","display_name":"Non-regression testing","score":0.49283504486083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-reliability-testing","display_name":"Software reliability testing","score":0.48325425386428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-testing","display_name":"Regression testing","score":0.4753296673297882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.46079736948013306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manual-testing","display_name":"Manual testing","score":0.4579871892929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-testing","display_name":"Software testing","score":0.4549301862716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstract-syntax-tree","display_name":"Abstract syntax tree","score":0.44832319021224976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.43679094314575195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keyword-driven-testing","display_name":"Keyword-driven testing","score":0.4241065979003906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-assurance","display_name":"Quality assurance","score":0.41884779930114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.41160574555397034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4096105098724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutation","display_name":"Mutation","score":0.3787570595741272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.35397452116012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.21474850177764893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.1794165074825287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.1683661937713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.15760108828544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13764357566833496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.1376079022884369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08732983469963074}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7432628273963928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162443782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066228","display_name":"White-box testing","level":5,"score":0.5418754816055298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163565370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308623","display_name":"Mutation testing","level":4,"score":0.5407912731170654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178059732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1982529","display_name":"Software performance testing","level":5,"score":0.5374714732170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.5059413313865662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86469151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917415","display_name":"Non-regression testing","level":5,"score":0.49283504486083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52928878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554226","display_name":"Software reliability testing","level":5,"score":0.48325425386428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161821725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917415","display_name":"Regression testing","level":5,"score":0.4753296673297882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.46079736948013306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182122060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6752328","display_name":"Manual testing","level":5,"score":0.4579871892929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984328558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188522","display_name":"Software testing","level":3,"score":0.4549301862716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58646249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127380","display_name":"Abstract syntax tree","level":3,"score":0.44832319021224976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.43679094314575195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169168650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1675637","display_name":"Keyword-driven testing","level":5,"score":0.4241065979003906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106436119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836575","display_name":"Quality assurance","level":3,"score":0.41884779930114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41160574555397034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4096105098724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501734568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918","display_name":"Mutation","level":3,"score":0.3787570595741272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.35397452116012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.21474850177764893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.1794165074825287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.1683661937713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.15760108828544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13764357566833496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.1376079022884369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08732983469963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778618615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4008393","display_name":"External quality assessment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14040820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14040820","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/4/820/pdf?version=1649931420","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a5563739fe844d98bc6a21b01f3b648e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a5563739fe844d98bc6a21b01f3b648e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 14, Iss 4, p 820 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hiof.brage.unit.no:11250/3037729","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3037729","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"14","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/14/4/820/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14040820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14040820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14040820","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/4/820/pdf?version=1649931420","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224278860.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11644230","https://openalex.org/W2010043168","https://openalex.org/W2148646465","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2250966211","https://openalex.org/W2282866165","https://openalex.org/W2344208265","https://openalex.org/W2600669551","https://openalex.org/W2739751633","https://openalex.org/W2741808402","https://openalex.org/W2765426539","https://openalex.org/W2799640043","https://openalex.org/W2913980405","https://openalex.org/W2969229669","https://openalex.org/W2974529732","https://openalex.org/W2974859516","https://openalex.org/W2982810932","https://openalex.org/W2993033744","https://openalex.org/W2999309192","https://openalex.org/W3000442532","https://openalex.org/W3003264721","https://openalex.org/W3011068306","https://openalex.org/W3019952555","https://openalex.org/W3033141596","https://openalex.org/W3047033191","https://openalex.org/W3099094173","https://openalex.org/W3126232929","https://openalex.org/W3169860667","https://openalex.org/W3170665497","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6948011946"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2560445721","https://openalex.org/W4389884952","https://openalex.org/W3214776400","https://openalex.org/W3197709817","https://openalex.org/W4225834158","https://openalex.org/W2915670848","https://openalex.org/W2988650652","https://openalex.org/W2132296233","https://openalex.org/W2362944210","https://openalex.org/W2961883907"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Software":[0],"and":[1,53,247,256],"symmetric":[2],"testing":[3,14,47,75,80,109,126,212,215],"methodologies":[4,15],"are":[5,29,104],"primarily":[6],"used":[7,155,183],"in":[8,33,73,184,213,272],"detecting":[9],"software":[10,44,54,95,214],"defects,":[11],"but":[12,153],"these":[13,71],"need":[16,37,65],"to":[17,20,38,66,114,135,150,172,198,206],"be":[18,49],"optimized":[19],"mitigate":[21],"the":[22,36,64,68,74,77,87,94,112,116,129,136,200,203,208,223,273],"wasting":[23],"of":[24,70,76,89,118,131,138,202,210,216,231,275],"resources.":[25],"As":[26],"mobile":[27,40],"applications":[28,41],"becoming":[30],"more":[31],"prevalent":[32],"recent":[34],"times,":[35],"have":[39,58],"that":[42,222,267],"satisfy":[43],"quality":[45,55],"through":[46,121],"cannot":[48],"overemphasized.":[50],"Testing":[51],"suites":[52,120],"assurance":[56],"techniques":[57,110],"also":[59],"become":[60],"prevalent,":[61],"which":[62,85,261],"underscores":[63],"evaluate":[67],"efficacy":[69],"tools":[72],"applications.":[78,218],"Mutation":[79],"is":[81,86,127,141,262,269],"one":[82],"such":[83,239],"technique,":[84],"process":[88],"injecting":[90],"small":[91],"changes":[92],"into":[93],"under":[96],"test":[97,119],"(SUT),":[98],"thereby":[99],"creating":[100],"mutants.":[101],"These":[102],"mutants":[103,205],"then":[105],"tested":[106],"using":[107],"mutation":[108,122,125,211],"alongside":[111],"SUT":[113],"determine":[115],"effectiveness":[117],"scoring.":[123],"Although":[124],"effective,":[128],"cost":[130,209],"implementing":[132],"it,":[133],"due":[134],"problem":[137],"equivalent":[139,204],"mutants,":[140],"very":[142],"high.":[143],"Many":[144],"research":[145,161],"works":[146],"gave":[147],"varying":[148],"solutions":[149],"this":[151,160],"problem,":[152],"none":[154],"a":[156,165,187,227,270],"standardized":[157],"dataset.":[158],"In":[159],"work,":[162],"we":[163],"employed":[164],"standard":[166],"mutant":[167],"dataset":[168],"tool":[169],"called":[170],"MutantBench":[171],"generate":[173],"our":[174,194],"data.":[175],"Subsequently,":[176],"an":[177],"Abstract":[178],"Syntax":[179],"Tree":[180],"(AST)":[181],"was":[182],"conjunction":[185],"with":[186,252],"tree-based":[188],"convolutional":[189],"neural":[190],"network":[191],"(TBCNN)":[192],"as":[193,233,235,240,264],"deep":[195],"learning":[196],"model":[197,225],"automate":[199],"classification":[201],"reduce":[207],"android":[217],"The":[219],"result":[220],"shows":[221],"proposed":[224],"produces":[226],"good":[228],"accuracy":[229],"rate":[230],"94%,":[232],"well":[234],"other":[236],"performance":[237],"metrics":[238],"recall":[241],"(96%),":[242],"precision":[243],"(89%),":[244],"F1-score":[245],"(92%),":[246],"Matthew\u2019s":[248],"correlation":[249],"coefficients":[250],"(88%)":[251],"fewer":[253],"False":[254,257],"Negatives":[255],"Positives":[258],"during":[259],"testing,":[260],"significant":[263],"it":[265],"implies":[266],"there":[268],"decrease":[271],"risk":[274],"misclassification.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}