{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4212813195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14020412","title":"Hybrid Precoding-Based Millimeter Wave Massive MIMO-NOMA Systems","display_name":"Hybrid Precoding-Based Millimeter Wave Massive MIMO-NOMA Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4212813195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14020412"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14020412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14020412","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/2/412/pdf?version=1645521114","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/2/412/pdf?version=1645521114","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067668433","display_name":"Zaoxing Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4239-3749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaoxing Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Lushan South Road, Changsha 410083, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4239-3749","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Lushan South Road, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101044824","display_name":"Honggui Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7338-7395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Honggui Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Lushan South Road, Changsha 410083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Lushan South Road, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089842625","display_name":"Fuxin Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuxin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Lushan South Road, Changsha 410083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Lushan South Road, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100454495","display_name":"Wenjuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9346-1580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Lushan South Road, Changsha 410083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Lushan South Road, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100412392","display_name":"Gang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130607311","display_name":"Changsha Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sqk3z62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130607311"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Changsha Normal University, Teli Road, Changsha 410100, China","School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Lushan South Road, Changsha 410083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Changsha Normal University, Teli Road, Changsha 410100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130607311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Lushan South Road, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049706639","display_name":"Yinhao Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinhao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Lushan South Road, Changsha 410083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Lushan South Road, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101044824"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.1084,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75688942,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"412","last_page":"412"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.8170226812362671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.6929104924201965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6746521592140198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6738218069076538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noma","display_name":"Noma","score":0.600294291973114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5316206812858582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-forcing-precoding","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","score":0.4949278235435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karush\u2013kuhn\u2013tucker-conditions","display_name":"Karush\u2013Kuhn\u2013Tucker conditions","score":0.4854598641395569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.4515419006347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.44877564907073975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.42278391122817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.40264302492141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3498912453651428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.32327181100845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3229902386665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22793671488761902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18855252861976624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.114958256483078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.09131044149398804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.07863235473632812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.8170226812362671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.6929104924201965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6746521592140198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6738218069076538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.600294291973114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5316206812858582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155437304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8069444","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","level":5,"score":0.4949278235435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50454189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2075125","display_name":"Karush\u2013Kuhn\u2013Tucker conditions","level":2,"score":0.4854598641395569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.4515419006347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.44877564907073975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.42278391122817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40264302492141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3498912453651428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.32327181100845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3229902386665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22793671488761902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18855252861976624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.114958256483078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.09131044149398804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.07863235473632812}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14020412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14020412","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/2/412/pdf?version=1645521114","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bede528d021a41fca04e251cc4403e9b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bede528d021a41fca04e251cc4403e9b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 14, Iss 2, p 412 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/14/2/412/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14020412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14020412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14020412","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/2/412/pdf?version=1645521114","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4212813195.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4212813195.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051388965","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2195693430","https://openalex.org/W2734621727","https://openalex.org/W2737159091","https://openalex.org/W2805231505","https://openalex.org/W2890609471","https://openalex.org/W2900961289","https://openalex.org/W2951509903","https://openalex.org/W2962738973","https://openalex.org/W2963534192","https://openalex.org/W2963634826","https://openalex.org/W2963698325","https://openalex.org/W2965716521","https://openalex.org/W3014787243","https://openalex.org/W3043953517","https://openalex.org/W3081695729","https://openalex.org/W3099757519","https://openalex.org/W3156896764","https://openalex.org/W3192997082","https://openalex.org/W3196600164","https://openalex.org/W3212795962","https://openalex.org/W6741015231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111825998","https://openalex.org/W2326544815","https://openalex.org/W1973158664","https://openalex.org/W1731022149","https://openalex.org/W1996933839","https://openalex.org/W2000226056","https://openalex.org/W4315778014","https://openalex.org/W4386858283","https://openalex.org/W1979957996","https://openalex.org/W3190864439"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"symmetry-based":[1],"hybrid":[2,52],"precoder":[3,53],"and":[4,59,93,143],"combiner":[5],"is":[6,63,82,106],"a":[7,37,85],"high":[8],"spectral":[9,27,78,117,130],"efficiency":[10,28,79,131],"structure":[11],"in":[12],"millimeter-wave":[13],"(mmWave)":[14],"massive":[15],"multiple-input":[16],"multiple-output":[17],"(mMIMO)":[18],"non-orthogonal":[19],"multiple":[20,135],"access":[21,136],"(NOMA)":[22],"system.":[23],"To":[24],"improve":[25,67,115],"the":[26,30,43,51,60,68,73,76,94,98,102,110,116,124],"of":[29,72,89],"mmWave":[31],"mMIMO-NOMA":[32],"system,":[33],"we":[34],"first":[35],"propose":[36],"user":[38,56],"grouping":[39],"scheme":[40,126],"to":[41,65,113,133],"suppress":[42],"strong":[44],"inter-user":[45],"interference":[46],"caused":[47],"by":[48,108],"NOMA,":[49],"then":[50],"based":[54],"on":[55],"channel":[57],"alignment":[58],"zero-forcing":[61],"algorithm":[62],"constructed":[64],"further":[66,114],"signal-to-interference-plus-noise":[69],"ratio":[70],"(SINR)":[71],"receiver.":[74],"Subsequently,":[75],"non-convex":[77],"optimization":[80,87],"problem":[81,88],"transformed":[83],"into":[84],"convex":[86],"inter-cluster":[90],"power":[91,100,139],"allocation":[92,140],"closed-form":[95],"solution":[96],"for":[97],"optimal":[99],"under":[101],"minimum":[103],"rate":[104],"constraint":[105],"obtained":[107],"solving":[109],"KKT":[111],"condition":[112],"efficiency.":[118],"The":[119],"simulation":[120],"results":[121],"show":[122],"that":[123],"proposed":[125],"can":[127],"achieve":[128],"higher":[129],"compared":[132],"orthogonal":[134],"(OMA),":[137],"fixed":[138],"(FPA),":[141],"K-means,":[142],"cluster":[144],"head":[145],"selection":[146],"(CHS).":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
