{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206241819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14010175","title":"Analysis of Urban Visual Memes Based on Dictionary Learning: An Example with Urban Image Data","display_name":"Analysis of Urban Visual Memes Based on Dictionary Learning: An Example with Urban Image Data","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206241819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14010175"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14010175","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14010175","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/1/175/pdf?version=1642402073","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/1/175/pdf?version=1642402073","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100447258","display_name":"Ming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3441-7811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057558573","display_name":"Xin Gu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68581759","display_name":"China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/012z62f48","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68581759"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development Center, China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology,  Beijing 100076, China","Research and Development Center, China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing 100076, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Center, China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology,  Beijing 100076, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68581759"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Center, China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing 100076, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68581759"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110397088","display_name":"Jun Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5081-3833"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Aerospace Yuanwang Science & Technology Company Ltd., Changsha 410092, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Aerospace Yuanwang Science & Technology Company Ltd., Changsha 410092, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007300855","display_name":"Pu Zou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pu Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Aerospace Yuanwang Science & Technology Company Ltd., Changsha 410092, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Aerospace Yuanwang Science & Technology Company Ltd., Changsha 410092, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068450598","display_name":"Zuoqin Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuoqin Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032591686","display_name":"Silu He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0144-2524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silu He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0144-2524","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100398353","display_name":"Haifeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1173-6593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haifeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1173-6593","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102022318","display_name":"Sumin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1111-907X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sumin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102022318"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00453609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"175","last_page":"175"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9343000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9343000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6591945886611938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5655417442321777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5099550485610962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/style","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","score":0.5063267946243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4834819436073303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45034074783325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38300129771232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.373981237411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.36461758613586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3292188048362732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.10857325792312622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.10240194201469421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6591945886611938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5655417442321777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5099550485610962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.5063267946243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4834819436073303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45034074783325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38300129771232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.373981237411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.36461758613586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3292188048362732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10857325792312622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.10240194201469421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14010175","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14010175","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/1/175/pdf?version=1642402073","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6f3eb1ae8d8e42d0bb1a793285255be5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6f3eb1ae8d8e42d0bb1a793285255be5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 14, Iss 1, p 175 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/14/1/175/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14010175","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry; Volume 14; Issue 1; Pages: 175","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14010175","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14010175","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/1/175/pdf?version=1642402073","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7074659273","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42171458","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206241819.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206241819.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525292367","https://openalex.org/W1817149645","https://openalex.org/W1979664848","https://openalex.org/W1992405901","https://openalex.org/W2020741214","https://openalex.org/W2041971124","https://openalex.org/W2054846461","https://openalex.org/W2069887510","https://openalex.org/W2110492881","https://openalex.org/W2147022963","https://openalex.org/W2166242527","https://openalex.org/W2174817186","https://openalex.org/W2218665234","https://openalex.org/W2253429366","https://openalex.org/W2340872681","https://openalex.org/W2475287302","https://openalex.org/W2478090196","https://openalex.org/W2547190925","https://openalex.org/W2558580397","https://openalex.org/W2603777577","https://openalex.org/W2750307898","https://openalex.org/W2783348159","https://openalex.org/W2795307117","https://openalex.org/W2798102089","https://openalex.org/W2890387360","https://openalex.org/W2905239520","https://openalex.org/W2906424845","https://openalex.org/W2912587965","https://openalex.org/W2941635601","https://openalex.org/W2962883796","https://openalex.org/W2963657312","https://openalex.org/W2964338223","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W3000690722","https://openalex.org/W3013726901","https://openalex.org/W3015029968","https://openalex.org/W3045418096","https://openalex.org/W3046753005","https://openalex.org/W3123300418","https://openalex.org/W4235669948","https://openalex.org/W4300672471","https://openalex.org/W6632813477","https://openalex.org/W6668099972","https://openalex.org/W6750565840","https://openalex.org/W6759410399","https://openalex.org/W6775590714","https://openalex.org/W6781317534","https://openalex.org/W7037754794"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356229341","https://openalex.org/W2349768204","https://openalex.org/W4313326281","https://openalex.org/W574867512","https://openalex.org/W2387271333","https://openalex.org/W581389233","https://openalex.org/W2062195135","https://openalex.org/W2361120309","https://openalex.org/W632157940","https://openalex.org/W2387981414"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,138],"coexistence":[1],"of":[2,9,17,32,45,49,53,68,78,89,166],"different":[3,150],"cultures":[4],"is":[5,39],"a":[6,36,46,81],"distinctive":[7],"feature":[8],"human":[10],"society,":[11],"and":[12,110,119,126,135,162],"globalization":[13],"makes":[14],"the":[15,23,29,43,50,65,73,86,94,98,102,107,116,121,124,132,143,153,156,163,172,175,178],"construction":[16],"cities":[18,79,92,113,129],"gradually":[19],"tend":[20],"to":[21,27,63],"be":[22],"same,":[24],"so":[25],"how":[26],"find":[28],"unique":[30],"memes":[31,100,145,168],"urban":[33,54,157,179],"culture":[34],"in":[35,71,177],"multicultural":[37],"environment":[38],"very":[40,160],"important":[41],"for":[42,123,174],"development":[44],"city.":[47],"Most":[48],"previous":[51],"analyses":[52],"style":[55,158,180],"have":[56,146],"been":[57],"based":[58,84],"on":[59,85],"simple":[60],"classification":[61],"tasks":[62],"obtain":[64],"visual":[66,76,99,144,167],"elements":[67,77,154],"cities,":[69,151],"lacking":[70],"considering":[72],"most":[74],"essential":[75],"as":[80,171],"whole.":[82],"Therefore,":[83],"image":[87],"data":[88],"ten":[90],"representative":[91],"around":[93],"world,":[95],"we":[96],"extract":[97],"via":[101],"dictionary":[103],"learning":[104],"method,":[105],"quantify":[106],"symmetric":[108],"similarities":[109,125],"differences":[111,127,176],"between":[112,128],"by":[114,130],"using":[115,131],"memetic":[117,133],"similarity,":[118],"interpret":[120],"reasons":[122],"similarity":[134],"sparse":[136],"representation.":[137],"experimental":[139],"results":[140],"show":[141],"that":[142],"certain":[147],"limitations":[148],"among":[149,181],"i.e.,":[152],"composing":[155],"are":[159],"similar,":[161],"linear":[164],"combinations":[165],"vary":[169],"widely":[170],"reason":[173],"cities.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2022-01-26T00:00:00"}