{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205413338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14010101","title":"An Angle-Compensating, Complex-Coefficient PI Controller Used for Decoupling Control of a Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor","display_name":"An Angle-Compensating, Complex-Coefficient PI Controller Used for Decoupling Control of a Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205413338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14010101"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14010101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14010101","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/1/101/pdf?version=1641546168","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/1/101/pdf?version=1641546168","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076041165","display_name":"Jing Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8049-9021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128819","display_name":"Institute of Electrical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/033js6g46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128819"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Optical Instrument Research Department, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing 100049, China","Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Optical Instrument Research Department, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128819","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063283704","display_name":"Tao Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2448-8587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128819","display_name":"Institute of Electrical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/033js6g46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128819"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tao Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128819","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100368341","display_name":"Qi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7257-5688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128819","display_name":"Institute of Electrical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/033js6g46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128819"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128819","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100297091","display_name":"Xuhui Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7827-8178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128819","display_name":"Institute of Electrical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/033js6g46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128819"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuhui Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Optical Instrument Research Department, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing 100049, China","Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Optical Instrument Research Department, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128819","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063283704"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128819"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.5489,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61935509,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"101","last_page":"101"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10504","display_name":"Sensorless Control of Electric Motors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10504","display_name":"Sensorless Control of Electric Motors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7866702079772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoupling","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","score":0.7382636666297913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrator","display_name":"Integrator","score":0.6598432660102844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permanent-magnet-synchronous-motor","display_name":"Permanent magnet synchronous motor","score":0.5272749066352844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pid-controller","display_name":"PID controller","score":0.5187956690788269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronous-motor","display_name":"Synchronous motor","score":0.49074018001556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49009859561920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnet","display_name":"Magnet","score":0.4394250214099884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.43045079708099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.4264020621776581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2954552173614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.22196915745735168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17508801817893982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.17221683263778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.14444467425346375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7866702079772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205606062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249645","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","level":2,"score":0.7382636666297913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79518650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081431","display_name":"Integrator","level":3,"score":0.6598432660102844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986944758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845675","display_name":"Permanent magnet synchronous motor","level":3,"score":0.5272749066352844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.5187956690788269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71376005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845675","display_name":"Synchronous motor","level":2,"score":0.49074018001556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49009859561920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.4394250214099884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.43045079708099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.4264020621776581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2954552173614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.22196915745735168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17508801817893982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.17221683263778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.14444467425346375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14010101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14010101","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/1/101/pdf?version=1641546168","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4ca6747235a445b3be87f5ebe94e706e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4ca6747235a445b3be87f5ebe94e706e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 14, Iss 1, p 101 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/14/1/101/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14010101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14010101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14010101","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/1/101/pdf?version=1641546168","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205413338.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205413338.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996130708","https://openalex.org/W2069558511","https://openalex.org/W2086262513","https://openalex.org/W2106233780","https://openalex.org/W2112381154","https://openalex.org/W2114765363","https://openalex.org/W2118706662","https://openalex.org/W2125251697","https://openalex.org/W2129074913","https://openalex.org/W2137971128","https://openalex.org/W2140214426","https://openalex.org/W2140451960","https://openalex.org/W2140932810","https://openalex.org/W2147409733","https://openalex.org/W2166670396","https://openalex.org/W2168356937","https://openalex.org/W2170351167","https://openalex.org/W2174695285","https://openalex.org/W2410942181","https://openalex.org/W2564593001","https://openalex.org/W2569452982","https://openalex.org/W2785706054"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2773103689","https://openalex.org/W2359365131","https://openalex.org/W2356220443","https://openalex.org/W2738666728","https://openalex.org/W4252156693","https://openalex.org/W2355594986","https://openalex.org/W2144803608","https://openalex.org/W2087042126","https://openalex.org/W4242196303","https://openalex.org/W2615749722"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"asymmetric,":[1],"cross-coupling":[2],"effect,":[3],"as":[4,6,37],"well":[5],"digital":[7,68],"control":[8,69],"delays,":[9],"in":[10,21,30,83],"a":[11,41],"permanent-magnet":[12],"synchronous":[13,85],"motor":[14],"(PMSM)":[15],"will":[16],"deteriorate":[17],"its":[18],"current-control":[19],"performance":[20,64],"the":[22,72,84,105,109,120,123,127],"high-speed":[23],"range,":[24],"especially":[25],"for":[26],"electric":[27,31],"motors":[28],"used":[29],"vehicles":[32],"(EVs)":[33],"with":[34,66,93],"features":[35],"such":[36],"high-power":[38],"density":[39],"and":[40,75,99,116,126],"low":[42],"carrier/modulation":[43],"frequency":[44],"ratio.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47,103],"paper,":[48],"an":[49,61],"angle-compensating,":[50],"complex-coefficient,":[51],"proportional-integrator":[52],"(ACCC-PI)":[53],"controller":[54,111],"is":[55],"proposed,":[56],"which":[57],"aims":[58],"to":[59],"provide":[60],"excellent":[62],"decoupling":[63],"even":[65],"considerable":[67],"delay.":[70],"Firstly,":[71],"current":[73],"open":[74],"closed":[76],"loop":[77],"complex-coefficient":[78],"transfer":[79],"functions":[80],"were":[81,96],"established":[82],"rotation":[86],"coordinate":[87],"system.":[88],"The":[89],"proposed":[90,128],"method,":[91],"along":[92],"existing":[94],"ones,":[95],"then":[97],"evaluated":[98],"theoretically":[100],"compared.":[101],"On":[102],"basis,":[104],"parameter-tuning":[106],"method":[107],"of":[108,122],"ACCC-PI":[110],"was":[112],"presented.":[113],"Finally,":[114],"simulation":[115],"experimental":[117],"results":[118],"proved":[119],"correctness":[121],"theoretical":[124],"analysis":[125],"method.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}