{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206681257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14010048","title":"An Integrated Method for Modular Design Based on Auto-Generated Multi-Attribute DSM and Improved Genetic Algorithm","display_name":"An Integrated Method for Modular Design Based on Auto-Generated Multi-Attribute DSM and Improved Genetic Algorithm","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206681257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14010048"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14010048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14010048","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/1/48/pdf?version=1640937445","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/1/48/pdf?version=1640937445","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101406878","display_name":"Shuai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4851-1929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechatronics Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatronics Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101445649","display_name":"Zhongkai Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0041-4214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhongkai Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechatronics Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatronics Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015415346","display_name":"Chao He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4036-0882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechatronics Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatronics Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006570101","display_name":"Dengzhuo Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dengzhuo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechatronics Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatronics Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083864266","display_name":"Guangyu Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1890-6874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangyu Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechatronics Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatronics Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101445649"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":3.7803,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93297272,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"48","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11729","display_name":"Product Development and Customization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11729","display_name":"Product Development and Customization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10672","display_name":"Design Education and Practice","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7046555876731873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.6388403177261353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.5752319693565369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.5666837096214294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modularity","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","score":0.5629558563232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.5150198936462402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/division","display_name":"Division (mathematics)","score":0.509222149848938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.5086427927017212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.49257737398147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4751058518886566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.43536576628685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.42637360095977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.21146947145462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1991654336452484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1916024386882782}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7046555876731873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.6388403177261353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5752319693565369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.5666837096214294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779478453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889748","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5629558563232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5150198936462402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60798267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1226939","display_name":"Division (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.509222149848938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.5086427927017212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.49257737398147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4751058518886566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.43536576628685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.42637360095977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.21146947145462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1991654336452484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1916024386882782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14010048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14010048","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/1/48/pdf?version=1640937445","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a859a035bbc747db9eb21ea3661050cc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a859a035bbc747db9eb21ea3661050cc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 14, Iss 1, p 48 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/14/1/48/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14010048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14010048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14010048","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/1/48/pdf?version=1640937445","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1007721318","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327518","funder_display_name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7342455266","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(PAPD)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327518","funder_display_name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7346801989","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51475459","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323154","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327518","display_name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206681257.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206681257.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W172215244","https://openalex.org/W374380708","https://openalex.org/W1964577905","https://openalex.org/W1965317696","https://openalex.org/W1971537522","https://openalex.org/W1985671934","https://openalex.org/W1986371207","https://openalex.org/W1988111093","https://openalex.org/W1989096636","https://openalex.org/W1989631962","https://openalex.org/W2013370822","https://openalex.org/W2016544781","https://openalex.org/W2019785192","https://openalex.org/W2032304543","https://openalex.org/W2034280978","https://openalex.org/W2048780379","https://openalex.org/W2060915668","https://openalex.org/W2092023309","https://openalex.org/W2095110346","https://openalex.org/W2095641050","https://openalex.org/W2112462541","https://openalex.org/W2131810048","https://openalex.org/W2228374642","https://openalex.org/W2243984959","https://openalex.org/W2260242026","https://openalex.org/W2472224302","https://openalex.org/W2546176423","https://openalex.org/W2615206925","https://openalex.org/W2751296098","https://openalex.org/W2781351893","https://openalex.org/W2784687187","https://openalex.org/W2788742050","https://openalex.org/W2793615236","https://openalex.org/W2895998372","https://openalex.org/W2901184957","https://openalex.org/W2920202964","https://openalex.org/W2966797053","https://openalex.org/W3000585056","https://openalex.org/W3065151783","https://openalex.org/W3179637889"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2931688134","https://openalex.org/W2297768894","https://openalex.org/W2378076731","https://openalex.org/W3109014690","https://openalex.org/W2122405502","https://openalex.org/W2114254072","https://openalex.org/W2127721729","https://openalex.org/W1531253727","https://openalex.org/W2366669483","https://openalex.org/W2333635112"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modular":[0],"architecture":[1],"is":[2,26,98,106,163],"very":[3,50],"conducive":[4],"to":[5,30,71,119,180,208],"the":[6,15,21,33,40,73,76,101,110,121,135,143,157,169,173,182,188,210,215],"development,":[7],"maintenance,":[8],"and":[9,69,93,126,147,156,172,186,199,212],"upgrading":[10],"of":[11,18,36,75,124,138,151,161,214],"electromechanical":[12,37],"products.":[13],"In":[14],"initial":[16],"stage":[17],"module":[19,184],"division,":[20],"design":[22,87],"structure":[23,46,113],"matrix":[24],"(DSM)":[25],"a":[27,49,194,200],"crucial":[28],"measure":[29],"concisely":[31],"express":[32],"component":[34,140],"relationship":[35],"products":[38,162],"through":[39,165],"visual":[41],"symmetrical":[42],"structure.":[43],"However,":[44],"product":[45,102,139,183],"modeling,":[47],"as":[48],"important":[51],"activity,":[52],"was":[53,67],"mostly":[54],"carried":[55,206],"out":[56,207],"manually":[57],"by":[58,115],"engineers":[59],"relying":[60],"on":[61,89,109,134,193],"experience":[62],"in":[63,196],"previous":[64],"studies,":[65],"which":[66],"inefficient":[68],"difficult":[70],"ensure":[72],"consistency":[74],"model.":[77],"To":[78],"overcome":[79],"these":[80],"problems,":[81],"an":[82],"integrated":[83],"method":[84],"for":[85,130],"modular":[86,190],"based":[88,108,133],"auto-generated":[90],"multi-attribute":[91],"DSM":[92,146,150,160],"improved":[94,170],"genetic":[95],"algorithm":[96,105],"(GA)":[97],"presented.":[99],"First,":[100],"information":[103,128],"extraction":[104],"designed":[107],"automatic":[111],"programming":[112],"provided":[114],"commercial":[116],"CAD":[117],"software,":[118],"obtain":[120,187],"assembly,":[122],"degrees":[123],"freedom,":[125],"material":[127,148],"needed":[129],"modeling.":[131],"Secondly,":[132],"evaluation":[136,175],"criteria":[137],"correlation":[141,145,149,159],"strength,":[142],"structural":[144],"components":[152],"are":[153,178,205],"established,":[154],"respectively,":[155],"comprehensive":[158],"obtained":[164],"weighting":[166],"processing.":[167],"Finally,":[168],"GA":[171],"modularity":[174],"index":[176],"Q":[177],"used":[179],"complete":[181],"division":[185],"optimal":[189],"granularity.":[191],"Based":[192],"model":[195],"published":[197],"literature":[198],"bicycle":[201],"model,":[202],"comparative":[203],"studies":[204],"verify":[209],"effectiveness":[211],"practicality":[213],"proposed":[216],"method.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}