{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200524079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13122337","title":"The Influence of Mental Imagery Expertise of Pen and Paper Players versus Computer Gamers upon Performance and Electrocortical Correlates in a Difficult Mental Rotation Task","display_name":"The Influence of Mental Imagery Expertise of Pen and Paper Players versus Computer Gamers upon Performance and Electrocortical Correlates in a Difficult Mental Rotation Task","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200524079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13122337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13122337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13122337","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/12/2337/pdf?version=1638773769","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/12/2337/pdf?version=1638773769","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004734774","display_name":"Johannes Rodrigues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8471-0816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Rodrigues","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology I: Differential Psychology, Personality Psychology and Psychological Diagnostics, Julius-Maximilians-University of W\u00fcrzburg, 97070 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8471-0816","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology I: Differential Psychology, Personality Psychology and Psychological Diagnostics, Julius-Maximilians-University of W\u00fcrzburg, 97070 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087378008","display_name":"Dorna Marzban","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorna Marzban","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology I: Differential Psychology, Personality Psychology and Psychological Diagnostics, Julius-Maximilians-University of W\u00fcrzburg, 97070 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology I: Differential Psychology, Personality Psychology and Psychological Diagnostics, Julius-Maximilians-University of W\u00fcrzburg, 97070 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080935547","display_name":"Johannes Hewig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8400-189X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Hewig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology I: Differential Psychology, Personality Psychology and Psychological Diagnostics, Julius-Maximilians-University of W\u00fcrzburg, 97070 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8400-189X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology I: Differential Psychology, Personality Psychology and Psychological Diagnostics, Julius-Maximilians-University of W\u00fcrzburg, 97070 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004734774"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18285233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"12","first_page":"2337","last_page":"2337"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-rotation","display_name":"Mental rotation","score":0.8764413595199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.6731830835342407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6612679958343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.5467523336410522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-image","display_name":"Mental image","score":0.5362483859062195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association","display_name":"Association (psychology)","score":0.5108785033226013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.5010607242584229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-imagery","display_name":"Motor imagery","score":0.4956468343734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.47354310750961304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha","display_name":"Alpha (finance)","score":0.4563906192779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-activity-and-meditation","display_name":"Brain activity and meditation","score":0.4378812611103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.4113507866859436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audiology","display_name":"Audiology","score":0.34791111946105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology","display_name":"Developmental psychology","score":0.3211686611175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.30549919605255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.14119720458984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.08113634586334229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometrics","display_name":"Psychometrics","score":0.08112820982933044}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68867621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257360","display_name":"Mental rotation","level":3,"score":0.8764413595199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6731830835342407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6612679958343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.5467523336410522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4051589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860959","display_name":"Mental image","level":3,"score":0.5362483859062195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5108785033226013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5010607242584229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54808283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918191","display_name":"Motor imagery","level":4,"score":0.4956468343734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.47354310750961304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64943373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2651003","display_name":"Alpha (finance)","level":4,"score":0.4563906192779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120843803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955807","display_name":"Brain activity and meditation","level":3,"score":0.4378812611103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4113507866859436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.34791111946105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3211686611175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.30549919605255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.14119720458984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08113634586334229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.08112820982933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49453240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592163","display_name":"Construct validity","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13122337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13122337","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/12/2337/pdf?version=1638773769","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7e219cc3054246dd9d2ec9d13b7c059f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7e219cc3054246dd9d2ec9d13b7c059f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 13, Iss 12, p 2337 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/13/12/2337/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13122337","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de:25225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/25225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401635","display_name":"Online Publication Service of W\u00fcrzburg University (W\u00fcrzburg University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","host_organization_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13122337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13122337","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/12/2337/pdf?version=1638773769","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200524079.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975809751","https://openalex.org/W1978753300","https://openalex.org/W1980447390","https://openalex.org/W1994657588","https://openalex.org/W1994940519","https://openalex.org/W2005105933","https://openalex.org/W2008997436","https://openalex.org/W2013253490","https://openalex.org/W2019029706","https://openalex.org/W2030012730","https://openalex.org/W2031785211","https://openalex.org/W2036090522","https://openalex.org/W2047737075","https://openalex.org/W2050602205","https://openalex.org/W2053021876","https://openalex.org/W2059545472","https://openalex.org/W2084945517","https://openalex.org/W2087846093","https://openalex.org/W2098182568","https://openalex.org/W2098330912","https://openalex.org/W2113174266","https://openalex.org/W2113412631","https://openalex.org/W2119314959","https://openalex.org/W2119444113","https://openalex.org/W2120768649","https://openalex.org/W2128495200","https://openalex.org/W2132624291","https://openalex.org/W2133578709","https://openalex.org/W2135238893","https://openalex.org/W2138151562","https://openalex.org/W2144256527","https://openalex.org/W2156430527","https://openalex.org/W2164416159","https://openalex.org/W2501306961","https://openalex.org/W2507937192","https://openalex.org/W2736847991","https://openalex.org/W3092548796","https://openalex.org/W3123367546","https://openalex.org/W3159244737","https://openalex.org/W4230797216","https://openalex.org/W4231963173","https://openalex.org/W4248194214"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977940006","https://openalex.org/W2887556756","https://openalex.org/W2947925238","https://openalex.org/W195417223","https://openalex.org/W1984377984","https://openalex.org/W1961545574","https://openalex.org/W3045772920","https://openalex.org/W2510077457","https://openalex.org/W2047816336","https://openalex.org/W2048356101"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"investigated":[1],"the":[2,20,28,39,51,88,95,130,193,198],"influence":[3,97],"of":[4,24,46,165,200],"mental":[5,33],"imagery":[6],"expertise":[7,122,179],"in":[8,27,83,123,133,146],"15":[9],"pen":[10,124],"and":[11,31,60,78,100,125,162],"paper":[12,126],"role-players":[13,26],"as":[14,85],"an":[15],"expert":[16],"group":[17,23],"compared":[18,154],"to":[19,42,155,181,192,205],"gender-matched":[21],"control":[22],"computer":[25],"difficult":[29],"Vandenberg":[30],"Kuse":[32],"rotation":[34,90,147],"task.":[35],"In":[36,62],"this":[37,201],"task,":[38],"participants":[40],"have":[41,204],"decide":[43],"which":[44],"two":[45],"four":[47],"rotated":[48],"figures":[49],"match":[50],"target":[52],"figure.":[53],"The":[54,112],"dependent":[55],"measures":[56,143],"were":[57,158,172],"performance":[58,99,117,134],"speed":[59,135],"accuracy.":[61],"our":[63],"exploratory":[64],"investigation,":[65],"we":[66,93],"further":[67,173],"examined":[68],"midline":[69],"frontal":[70],"theta":[71],"band":[72,76,81],"activation,":[73,77,102],"parietal":[74,79],"alpha":[75,80],"asymmetry":[82],"EEG":[84,101],"indicator":[86],"for":[87],"chosen":[89],"strategy.":[91],"Additionally,":[92],"explored":[94],"gender":[96,114,139],"on":[98],"although":[103],"a":[104],"very":[105,194],"small":[106],"female":[107],"sample":[108,196],"section":[109],"was":[110,119,136],"given.":[111],"expected":[113],"difference":[115,132],"concerning":[116,141],"accuracy":[118],"negated":[120],"by":[121,175],"role-playing":[127],"women,":[128],"while":[129],"gender-specific":[131],"preserved.":[137],"Moreover,":[138],"differences":[140,145],"electro-cortical":[142],"revealed":[144],"strategy,":[148],"with":[149,177],"women":[150],"using":[151,159],"top-down":[152,160],"strategies":[153,161],"men,":[156],"who":[157],"active":[163],"inhibition":[164],"associative":[166],"cortical":[167],"areas.":[168],"These":[169],"strategy":[170],"uses":[171],"moderated":[174],"expertise,":[176],"higher":[178],"leading":[180],"more":[182],"pronounced":[183],"activation":[184],"patters,":[185],"especially":[186],"during":[187],"successful":[188],"performance.":[189],"However,":[190],"due":[191],"limited":[195],"size,":[197],"findings":[199],"explorative":[202],"study":[203],"be":[206],"interpreted":[207],"cautiously.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}