{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215703823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13112228","title":"The North\u2013South Asymmetry of Sunspot Relative Numbers Based on Complex Network Technique","display_name":"The North\u2013South Asymmetry of Sunspot Relative Numbers Based on Complex Network Technique","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215703823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13112228","mag":"3215703823"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13112228","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13112228","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/11/2228/pdf?version=1637565176","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/11/2228/pdf?version=1637565176","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101969013","display_name":"Hengyu Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7478-3887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49185572","display_name":"Yunnan University of Finance And Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04rhev598","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49185572"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hengyu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Statistics and Mathematics, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming 650221, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Statistics and Mathematics, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming 650221, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49185572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331867","display_name":"Yu Fei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8200-2998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49185572","display_name":"Yunnan University of Finance And Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04rhev598","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49185572"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Fei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Statistics and Mathematics, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming 650221, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Statistics and Mathematics, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming 650221, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49185572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100373895","display_name":"Chun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2021-751X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49185572","display_name":"Yunnan University of Finance And Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04rhev598","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49185572"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Statistics and Mathematics, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming 650221, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Statistics and Mathematics, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming 650221, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49185572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110683819","display_name":"Jiajuan Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2993-7692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12615008","display_name":"Beijing Normal University - Hong Kong Baptist University United International College","ror":"https://ror.org/04snvc712","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12615008"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajuan Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, BNU-HKBU United International College, 2000 Jintong Road, TangJiaWan, Zhuhai 519087, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, BNU-HKBU United International College, 2000 Jintong Road, TangJiaWan, Zhuhai 519087, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12615008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050046402","display_name":"Xinan Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110609","display_name":"Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01rcvq140","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110609"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinan Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110609"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112707811","display_name":"Zhongjie Wan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110609","display_name":"Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01rcvq140","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110609"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongjie Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110609"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100331867"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49185572"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.1288,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78589626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"11","first_page":"2228","last_page":"2228"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10251","display_name":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10251","display_name":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.9664999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visibility-graph","display_name":"Visibility graph","score":0.80036461353302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visibility","display_name":"Visibility","score":0.6869540214538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.6285786628723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymmetry","display_name":"Asymmetry","score":0.5927029848098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.5480960011482239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunspot","display_name":"Sunspot","score":0.5453663468360901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5350692272186279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-network","display_name":"Complex network","score":0.511394202709198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skewness","display_name":"Skewness","score":0.4888536334037781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.36049872636795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34285295009613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3172950744628906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.24716010689735413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2075188159942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.20477253198623657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.1405099332332611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.09736326336860657}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173362246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8216024","display_name":"Visibility graph","level":3,"score":0.80036461353302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.6869540214538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.6285786628723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38976095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752641","display_name":"Asymmetry","level":2,"score":0.5927029848098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5480960011482239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197370839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6582994","display_name":"Sunspot","level":3,"score":0.5453663468360901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5350692272186279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.511394202709198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122342681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330828","display_name":"Skewness","level":2,"score":0.4888536334037781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.36049872636795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34285295009613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3172950744628906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.24716010689735413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2075188159942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.20477253198623657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.1405099332332611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.09736326336860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13112228","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13112228","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/11/2228/pdf?version=1637565176","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4c7f0cf378a14e1e81fed124cc02c5c5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4c7f0cf378a14e1e81fed124cc02c5c5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 13, Iss 11, p 2228 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/13/11/2228/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13112228","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry; Volume 13; Issue 11; Pages: 2228","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13112228","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13112228","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/11/2228/pdf?version=1637565176","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1155471098","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21106","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2939216075","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1197142","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6221780053","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11971","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G683723167","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11971421","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7539905487","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215703823.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215703823.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16230410","https://openalex.org/W1627243743","https://openalex.org/W1641756773","https://openalex.org/W1701296696","https://openalex.org/W1992153483","https://openalex.org/W1994074879","https://openalex.org/W1994637439","https://openalex.org/W2011853565","https://openalex.org/W2020532046","https://openalex.org/W2022437015","https://openalex.org/W2024069573","https://openalex.org/W2024168869","https://openalex.org/W2029722468","https://openalex.org/W2036637679","https://openalex.org/W2055538060","https://openalex.org/W2066016535","https://openalex.org/W2077360845","https://openalex.org/W2091206320","https://openalex.org/W2106373091","https://openalex.org/W2121116858","https://openalex.org/W2126546663","https://openalex.org/W2133516169","https://openalex.org/W2135709148","https://openalex.org/W2314137375","https://openalex.org/W2499409235","https://openalex.org/W2537943564","https://openalex.org/W2776898694","https://openalex.org/W2910688111","https://openalex.org/W2963768879","https://openalex.org/W2977985430","https://openalex.org/W2990286713","https://openalex.org/W3010110121","https://openalex.org/W3033389903","https://openalex.org/W3042988806","https://openalex.org/W3086581627","https://openalex.org/W3091961215","https://openalex.org/W3099906705","https://openalex.org/W3125566411","https://openalex.org/W3181019310","https://openalex.org/W6600671280","https://openalex.org/W6636841876","https://openalex.org/W6636973230","https://openalex.org/W6674067149","https://openalex.org/W6779019827","https://openalex.org/W6780729615","https://openalex.org/W6783924215"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2743652671","https://openalex.org/W3188793535","https://openalex.org/W2032709970","https://openalex.org/W2066813664","https://openalex.org/W148164709","https://openalex.org/W2979634341","https://openalex.org/W2913024513","https://openalex.org/W2094166299","https://openalex.org/W2519024191","https://openalex.org/W2963183586"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Solar":[0],"magnetic":[1],"activity":[2],"exhibits":[3],"a":[4],"complex":[5,19,151],"nonlinear":[6,28,74,133],"behavior,":[7],"but":[8],"its":[9],"dynamic":[10],"process":[11],"has":[12],"not":[13],"been":[14],"fully":[15],"understood.":[16],"As":[17],"the":[18,25,30,34,40,50,57,78,84,87,89,94,100,107,110,114,117,122,132,136,140,144],"network":[20,90,152],"technique":[21],"can":[22,69,155],"better":[23],"capture":[24,70],"dynamics":[26,75,134],"of":[27,52,73,86,93,135,146],"system,":[29],"visibility":[31,36,43,153],"graphs":[32,37,44,154],"(VG),":[33],"horizontal":[35],"(HVG),":[38],"and":[39,59,109,116,150],"limited":[41],"penetrable":[42],"(LPVG)":[45],"are":[46],"applied":[47],"to":[48,99],"implement":[49],"mapping":[51],"sunspot":[53,81],"relative":[54],"numbers":[55],"in":[56,77,139],"northern":[58],"southern":[60],"hemispheres.":[61,142],"The":[62],"results":[63],"show":[64],"that":[65],"these":[66],"three":[67],"methods":[68],"important":[71],"information":[72,159],"existing":[76],"long-term":[79],"hemispheric":[80,137],"activity.":[82],"In":[83],"presentation":[85],"results,":[88],"degree":[91],"sequence":[92],"HVG":[95],"method":[96],"changes":[97],"preferentially":[98],"original":[101,123],"data":[102],"series":[103],"as":[104,106],"well":[105],"VG":[108,115],"LPVG,":[111],"while":[112],"both":[113],"LPVG":[118],"slightly":[119],"lag":[120],"behind":[121],"time":[124],"series,":[125],"which":[126],"provides":[127],"some":[128,157],"new":[129],"ideas":[130],"for":[131,160],"asymmetry":[138],"two":[141],"Meanwhile,":[143],"use":[145],"statistical":[147],"feature-skewness":[148],"values":[149],"yield":[156],"complementary":[158],"mutual":[161],"verification.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}