{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215496769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13112214","title":"Multi-Criteria Analysis of a People-Oriented Urban Pedestrian Road System Using an Integrated Fuzzy AHP and DEA Approach: A Case Study in Harbin, China","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Analysis of a People-Oriented Urban Pedestrian Road System Using an Integrated Fuzzy AHP and DEA Approach: A Case Study in Harbin, China","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215496769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13112214","mag":"3215496769"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13112214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13112214","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/11/2214/pdf?version=1637652613","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/11/2214/pdf?version=1637652613","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087366557","display_name":"Hongliang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-7758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongliang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Dongyuan Electric Group Co., Ltd., Nantong 226341, China","School of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Dongyuan Electric Group Co., Ltd., Nantong 226341, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100871644","display_name":"Yu Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030863313","display_name":"Yuming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1602-6868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100374963","display_name":"Jing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0844-5296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021161741","display_name":"Shan Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2877-058X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113771900","display_name":"Shulin Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689461","display_name":"Northeast Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yxnh564","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shulin Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Traffic and Transportation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traffic and Transportation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075343157","display_name":"Tiangang Qiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4869-7954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689461","display_name":"Northeast Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yxnh564","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tiangang Qiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Traffic and Transportation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traffic and Transportation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075343157"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":2.7788,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90183176,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"11","first_page":"2214","last_page":"2214"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.755690336227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.6964268684387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema-crosswalk","display_name":"Schema crosswalk","score":0.6798538565635681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytic-hierarchy-process","display_name":"Analytic hierarchy process","score":0.5892024040222168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5501492619514465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beijing","display_name":"Beijing","score":0.48348933458328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.4648664593696594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.33724573254585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.21759656071662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18440866470336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12318357825279236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09621492028236389}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.755690336227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.6964268684387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121193887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431117","display_name":"Schema crosswalk","level":3,"score":0.6798538565635681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87345402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485202","display_name":"Analytic hierarchy process","level":2,"score":0.5892024040222168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5501492619514465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657474","display_name":"Beijing","level":3,"score":0.48348933458328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.4648664593696594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.33724573254585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.21759656071662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18440866470336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12318357825279236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09621492028236389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13112214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13112214","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/11/2214/pdf?version=1637652613","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:733a8932f3244f90b3608f668d8e354c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/733a8932f3244f90b3608f668d8e354c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 13, Iss 11, p 2214 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/13/11/2214/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13112214","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13112214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13112214","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/11/2214/pdf?version=1637652613","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215496769.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976292642","https://openalex.org/W1990296525","https://openalex.org/W1998372340","https://openalex.org/W2020407132","https://openalex.org/W2076452041","https://openalex.org/W2076970578","https://openalex.org/W2079273626","https://openalex.org/W2092418303","https://openalex.org/W2334928717","https://openalex.org/W2412342347","https://openalex.org/W2524287521","https://openalex.org/W2585206336","https://openalex.org/W2602866983","https://openalex.org/W2655124276","https://openalex.org/W2768202907","https://openalex.org/W2770082315","https://openalex.org/W2800381837","https://openalex.org/W2888040823","https://openalex.org/W2907401929","https://openalex.org/W2908267943","https://openalex.org/W2913904374","https://openalex.org/W2942328545","https://openalex.org/W2945531413","https://openalex.org/W2955573317","https://openalex.org/W2962783540","https://openalex.org/W2969817305","https://openalex.org/W2971822398","https://openalex.org/W2984743702","https://openalex.org/W2997747018","https://openalex.org/W3005118508","https://openalex.org/W3010124898","https://openalex.org/W3017307299","https://openalex.org/W3019885349","https://openalex.org/W3036347242","https://openalex.org/W3036394999","https://openalex.org/W3047581550","https://openalex.org/W3081499907","https://openalex.org/W3082847673","https://openalex.org/W3106199031","https://openalex.org/W3118135172","https://openalex.org/W3130944084","https://openalex.org/W3142580751","https://openalex.org/W3163231987","https://openalex.org/W6673599698","https://openalex.org/W6695619966","https://openalex.org/W6762375138","https://openalex.org/W6776819650"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3013110708","https://openalex.org/W602587028","https://openalex.org/W2167644501","https://openalex.org/W2770082315","https://openalex.org/W2626463414","https://openalex.org/W2394764113","https://openalex.org/W2036331292","https://openalex.org/W2323224744","https://openalex.org/W2233908551","https://openalex.org/W2085305326"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Increasingly,":[0],"cities":[1],"worldwide":[2],"are":[3,77],"striving":[4],"for":[5,115,172,203,209],"green":[6],"travel":[7],"and":[8,11,35,58,61,85,88,100,111,156],"slow":[9],"traffic,":[10],"vigorously":[12],"developing":[13],"people-oriented":[14],"urban":[15,44,213],"pedestrian":[16,39,45,91,122,144],"traffic":[17,40,123],"with":[18,95,121],"sustainability":[19,207],"has":[20],"become":[21],"a":[22,89,185,200],"fixture":[23],"in":[24,189,196,211],"recent":[25],"discourse.":[26],"This":[27],"paper":[28,198],"comprehensively":[29],"considers":[30],"the":[31,36,43,53,63,69,75,96,105,108,116,138,141,157,167,177],"sidewalk\u2019s":[32],"facilities":[33,84],"environment":[34],"status":[37],"of":[38,71,82,98,107,131,140,143,166,169,176],"flow;":[41],"divides":[42],"road":[46,59,92],"system":[47,94,180],"(UPRS)":[48],"into":[49,79],"five":[50],"subsystems":[51],"around":[52],"underpass,":[54],"overpass,":[55],"crosswalk,":[56],"sidewalk,":[57],"crosswalk;":[60],"introduces":[62],"basic":[64],"structure":[65],"as":[66,68],"well":[67],"function":[70],"each":[72],"system.":[73],"Then,":[74],"indicators":[76],"classified":[78],"two":[80],"types":[81],"crosswalk":[83],"sidewalk":[86],"facilities,":[87],"comprehensive":[90],"indicator":[93,119],"combination":[97],"subjective":[99,117],"objective":[101],"is":[102,125,153,159,181],"established.":[103],"Consequently,":[104],"integration":[106],"fuzzy":[109],"AHP":[110,152],"DEA-based":[112],"symmetrical":[113],"technique":[114],"evaluation":[118,149,165,179,208],"combined":[120],"characteristics":[124],"developed.":[126],"A":[127],"nine-step":[128],"semantics":[129],"scale":[130],"relative":[132],"importance":[133],"was":[134,146],"used":[135],"so":[136],"that":[137],"symmetry":[139],"response":[142],"satisfaction":[145],"maintained.":[147],"Fuzzy":[148],"based":[150],"on":[151],"further":[154],"modeled,":[155],"DEA":[158],"employed":[160],"to":[161,205],"achieve":[162],"an":[163],"overall":[164],"quality":[168],"service":[170],"(QoS)":[171],"UPRS.":[173],"The":[174,192],"applicability":[175],"established":[178],"finally":[182],"verified":[183],"through":[184],"real":[186],"case":[187],"study":[188],"Harbin,":[190],"China.":[191],"serviceability":[193],"assessment":[194],"method":[195],"this":[197],"provides":[199],"new":[201],"idea":[202],"planners":[204],"conduct":[206],"UPRS":[210],"future":[212],"renewal":[214],"development.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
