{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209833153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13112085","title":"Skin Lesion Extraction Using Multiscale Morphological Local Variance Reconstruction Based Watershed Transform and Fast Fuzzy C-Means Clustering","display_name":"Skin Lesion Extraction Using Multiscale Morphological Local Variance Reconstruction Based Watershed Transform and Fast Fuzzy C-Means Clustering","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209833153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13112085","mag":"3209833153"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13112085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13112085","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/11/2085/pdf?version=1636020314","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/11/2085/pdf?version=1636020314","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082850844","display_name":"Ranjita Rout","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0499-3436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139271","display_name":"GIET University","ror":"https://ror.org/051f2wp73","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139271"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ranjita Rout","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, GIET University, Rayagada 765022, Odisha, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, GIET University, Rayagada 765022, Odisha, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035103884","display_name":"Priyadarsan Parida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-764X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139271","display_name":"GIET University","ror":"https://ror.org/051f2wp73","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139271"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Priyadarsan Parida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, GIET University, Rayagada 765022, Odisha, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-764X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, GIET University, Rayagada 765022, Odisha, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071305952","display_name":"Youseef Alotaibi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0840-1867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199693650","display_name":"Umm al-Qura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xjqrm90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youseef Alotaibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Systems, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0840-1867","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Systems, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101559742","display_name":"Saleh Alghamdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-3417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saleh Alghamdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078433539","display_name":"Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4750-8384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56409017","display_name":"Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Al-Nahrain Nanorenewable Energy Research Center, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64074, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4750-8384","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Al-Nahrain Nanorenewable Energy Research Center, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64074, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035103884"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139271"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":5.6014,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97497198,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"11","first_page":"2085","last_page":"2085"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11569","display_name":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","score":0.9674999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7373949885368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6574093103408813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5976044535636902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lesion","display_name":"Lesion","score":0.5810663104057312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5770215392112732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-filter","display_name":"Gaussian filter","score":0.5732764601707458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.5025546550750732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4646678864955902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.44799795746803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.4238319993019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.34307345747947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1401301920413971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.08267292380332947}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7373949885368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6574093103408813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5976044535636902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781156865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827023","display_name":"Lesion","level":2,"score":0.5810663104057312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5770215392112732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65892221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1113935","display_name":"Gaussian filter","level":3,"score":0.5732764601707458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5025546550750732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4646678864955902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.44799795746803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.4238319993019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.34307345747947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1401301920413971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.08267292380332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13112085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13112085","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/11/2085/pdf?version=1636020314","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:242183b7c9db498685fd8aad393a49d0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/242183b7c9db498685fd8aad393a49d0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 13, Iss 11, p 2085 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/13/11/2085/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13112085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry; Volume 13; Issue 11; Pages: 2085","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13112085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13112085","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/11/2085/pdf?version=1636020314","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5211781795","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TURSP-2020/313","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","funder_display_name":"Taif University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209833153.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209833153.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510047790","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1991607872","https://openalex.org/W1992147426","https://openalex.org/W2053669527","https://openalex.org/W2087662809","https://openalex.org/W2126147504","https://openalex.org/W2301327079","https://openalex.org/W2543168082","https://openalex.org/W2547497064","https://openalex.org/W2564782580","https://openalex.org/W2592160412","https://openalex.org/W2604899136","https://openalex.org/W2752273540","https://openalex.org/W2800661075","https://openalex.org/W2873610416","https://openalex.org/W2884672088","https://openalex.org/W2897817499","https://openalex.org/W2900671099","https://openalex.org/W2905621769","https://openalex.org/W2905659930","https://openalex.org/W2910567234","https://openalex.org/W2912751386","https://openalex.org/W2937395268","https://openalex.org/W2960571991","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2968857032","https://openalex.org/W2987039128","https://openalex.org/W2993777217","https://openalex.org/W2994026422","https://openalex.org/W2998401283","https://openalex.org/W3006349040","https://openalex.org/W3009382903","https://openalex.org/W3012192396","https://openalex.org/W3014419815","https://openalex.org/W3015334183","https://openalex.org/W3021895818","https://openalex.org/W3027969476","https://openalex.org/W3034356437","https://openalex.org/W3035333819","https://openalex.org/W3037339707","https://openalex.org/W3043723308","https://openalex.org/W3044376502","https://openalex.org/W3048174094","https://openalex.org/W3049710495","https://openalex.org/W3096799072","https://openalex.org/W3112510490","https://openalex.org/W3119047599","https://openalex.org/W3133091557","https://openalex.org/W3133498359","https://openalex.org/W3134081317","https://openalex.org/W3141431470","https://openalex.org/W3157035263","https://openalex.org/W3157891312","https://openalex.org/W3159204917","https://openalex.org/W3184568678","https://openalex.org/W3196486957","https://openalex.org/W4205121844","https://openalex.org/W6752876962","https://openalex.org/W6753266312","https://openalex.org/W6758562585","https://openalex.org/W6761529685"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2200355885","https://openalex.org/W2609066529","https://openalex.org/W2082319654","https://openalex.org/W1970319972","https://openalex.org/W2150541705","https://openalex.org/W2389710210","https://openalex.org/W4386840168","https://openalex.org/W2921413925","https://openalex.org/W1998409879","https://openalex.org/W2566989475"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Early":[0],"identification":[1],"of":[2,40,48,96,156,174],"melanocytic":[3,15,97],"skin":[4,11,16,98,194],"lesions":[5,33,54],"increases":[6],"the":[7,23,32,36,51,84,94,104,108,111,116,134,139,154,157,164,172,175,179,190,210],"survival":[8],"rate":[9],"for":[10,72,93],"cancer":[12],"patients.":[13],"Automated":[14],"lesion":[17,52,63,99,135,181,195],"extraction":[18,64,95,182],"from":[19,65,100,110],"dermoscopic":[20,66,101,112],"images":[21,67,113],"using":[22,123],"computer":[24],"vision":[25],"approach":[26],"is":[27,68,91,121,150,169,187],"a":[28,46,69,79,124,128,214],"challenging":[29],"task":[30],"as":[31],"present":[34],"in":[35,171,189],"image":[37,158,176,196],"can":[38],"be":[39,45],"different":[41,57],"colors,":[42],"there":[43],"may":[44,55],"variation":[47],"contrast":[49],"near":[50],"boundaries,":[53],"have":[56],"sizes":[58],"and":[59,114,127,203],"shapes,":[60],"etc.":[61],"Therefore,":[62],"fundamental":[70],"step":[71],"automated":[73],"melanoma":[74],"identification.":[75],"In":[76],"this":[77],"article,":[78],"watershed":[80,140],"transform":[81,141],"based":[82,142],"on":[83,143],"fast":[85,165],"fuzzy":[86],"c-means":[87],"(FCM)":[88],"clustering":[89,167],"algorithm":[90],"proposed":[92,105,185,211],"images.":[102],"Initially,":[103],"method":[106,186,212],"removes":[107],"artifacts":[109],"enhances":[115],"texture":[117],"regions.":[118,137,162],"Further,":[119],"it":[120],"filtered":[122],"Gaussian":[125],"filter":[126,131],"local":[129,147],"variance":[130,148],"to":[132,152,177],"enhance":[133],"boundary":[136,161],"Later,":[138],"MMLVR":[144],"(multiscale":[145],"morphological":[146],"reconstruction)":[149],"introduced":[151],"acquire":[153],"superpixels":[155,173],"with":[159],"accurate":[160],"Finally,":[163],"FCM":[166],"technique":[168],"implemented":[170],"attain":[178],"final":[180],"result.":[183,216],"The":[184],"tested":[188],"three":[191],"publicly":[192],"available":[193],"datasets,":[197],"i.e.,":[198],"ISIC":[199,201,204],"2016,":[200],"2017":[202],"2018.":[205],"Experimental":[206],"evaluation":[207],"shows":[208],"that":[209],"achieves":[213],"good":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}
