{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3203574418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13101812","title":"Comparison Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles Proximity Metrics","display_name":"Comparison Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles Proximity Metrics","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3203574418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13101812","mag":"3203574418"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13101812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13101812","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/10/1812/pdf?version=1634549593","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/10/1812/pdf?version=1634549593","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076340310","display_name":"Sergii Babichev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-1467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I882086214","display_name":"Kherson State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04cbe1f31","country_code":"UA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I882086214"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sergii Babichev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Kherson State University, 73000 Kherson, Ukraine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-1467","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Kherson State University, 73000 Kherson, Ukraine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I882086214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005405077","display_name":"Lyudmyla Yasinska-Damri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8629-8658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36730113","display_name":"Ukrainian Academy of Printing","ror":"https://ror.org/01491yv14","country_code":"UA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36730113"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lyudmyla Yasinska-Damri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Ukrainian Academy of Printing, 79000 Lviv, Ukraine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8629-8658","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Ukrainian Academy of Printing, 79000 Lviv, Ukraine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36730113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021141455","display_name":"Ihor Liakh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5417-9403"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I77443782","display_name":"Uzhhorod National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01x3jjv63","country_code":"UA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77443782"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Igor Liakh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Phisical and Mathematical Disciplines, Uzhhorod National University, 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5417-9403","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Phisical and Mathematical Disciplines, Uzhhorod National University, 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77443782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031903057","display_name":"Bohdan Durnyak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1526-9005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36730113","display_name":"Ukrainian Academy of Printing","ror":"https://ror.org/01491yv14","country_code":"UA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36730113"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bohdan Durnyak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Ukrainian Academy of Printing, 79000 Lviv, Ukraine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1526-9005","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Ukrainian Academy of Printing, 79000 Lviv, Ukraine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36730113"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076340310"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I882086214"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.3256,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56795413,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"10","first_page":"1812","last_page":"1812"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10621","display_name":"Gene Regulatory Network Analysis","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12867","display_name":"Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.7110092043876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutual-information","display_name":"Mutual information","score":0.6895679831504822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5906129479408264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5847883224487305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5307469367980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5286614894866943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.5141770839691162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interaction-information","display_name":"Interaction information","score":0.5081419944763184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.4686298370361328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4381418228149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pearson-product-moment-correlation-coefficient","display_name":"Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient","score":0.4366440773010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42425498366355896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.4034215807914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3971173167228699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.353249728679657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.301707923412323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.23444175720214844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.19947710633277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17094779014587402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.13584071397781372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.7110092043876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152139883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252973","display_name":"Mutual information","level":2,"score":0.6895679831504822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5906129479408264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5847883224487305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5307469367980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5286614894866943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.5141770839691162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38764148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17098245","display_name":"Interaction information","level":2,"score":0.5081419944763184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.4686298370361328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4381418228149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55078378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136628","display_name":"Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.4366440773010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42425498366355896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.4034215807914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3971173167228699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.353249728679657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.301707923412323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.23444175720214844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.19947710633277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17094779014587402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.13584071397781372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13101812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13101812","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/10/1812/pdf?version=1634549593","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6858910598be4c57bde23518fb326870","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6858910598be4c57bde23518fb326870","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 13, Iss 10, p 1812 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/13/10/1812/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13101812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13101812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13101812","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/10/1812/pdf?version=1634549593","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3203574418.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969761972","https://openalex.org/W1970032027","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2027893113","https://openalex.org/W2038200226","https://openalex.org/W2044545697","https://openalex.org/W2056296562","https://openalex.org/W2062830115","https://openalex.org/W2069241007","https://openalex.org/W2081430599","https://openalex.org/W2097108250","https://openalex.org/W2135191607","https://openalex.org/W2287654067","https://openalex.org/W2346678167","https://openalex.org/W2549966893","https://openalex.org/W2585784318","https://openalex.org/W2594429093","https://openalex.org/W2742971208","https://openalex.org/W2763523016","https://openalex.org/W2793546026","https://openalex.org/W2949607402","https://openalex.org/W2973068117","https://openalex.org/W2973166491","https://openalex.org/W2991209033","https://openalex.org/W3044322324","https://openalex.org/W3045751222","https://openalex.org/W3047877015","https://openalex.org/W3097305875","https://openalex.org/W3123054981","https://openalex.org/W3158473922","https://openalex.org/W4233471163","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6666354374","https://openalex.org/W6674258910","https://openalex.org/W6679705636","https://openalex.org/W6740917271","https://openalex.org/W6785542006","https://openalex.org/W6794564889"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2785601041","https://openalex.org/W2241417046","https://openalex.org/W2908598672","https://openalex.org/W2597403208","https://openalex.org/W2393900892","https://openalex.org/W4306760398","https://openalex.org/W4390964098","https://openalex.org/W4296367141","https://openalex.org/W842936808","https://openalex.org/W4307206503"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,182,202,213,271,316],"problems":[1],"of":[2,11,23,27,37,44,47,67,78,89,109,125,133,137,145,156,172,184,220,223,226,232,259,262,273,324,335,344,356],"gene":[3,55,69,110,347],"regulatory":[4],"network":[5],"(GRN)":[6],"reconstruction":[7,132],"and":[8,107,141,179,266,294,312],"the":[9,24,35,38,42,45,48,54,65,76,79,87,105,119,130,139,143,154,162,185,192,198,210,221,230,233,246,256,267,274,280,291,301,309,322,332,336,342,353,357],"creation":[10],"disease":[12],"diagnostic":[13],"effective":[14,286,359],"systems":[15],"based":[16,254],"on":[17,41,255],"genes":[18],"expression":[19,56,70,111,348],"data":[20],"are":[21,370],"some":[22],"current":[25],"directions":[26],"modern":[28],"bioinformatics.":[29],"In":[30],"this":[31],"manuscript,":[32],"we":[33,159,243,299],"present":[34],"results":[36,215,219,272],"research":[39,214],"focused":[40],"evaluation":[43],"effectiveness":[46,327],"most":[49],"used":[50,62,190,208,371],"metrics":[51,361],"to":[52,63,116,129,196,289,352],"estimate":[53],"profiles\u2019":[57],"proximity,":[58],"which":[59,113],"can":[60,363],"be":[61],"extract":[64],"groups":[66],"informative":[68],"profiles":[71,349],"while":[72],"taking":[73],"into":[74],"account":[75],"states":[77],"investigated":[80,120,161,186,320],"samples.":[81],"Symmetry":[82],"is":[83,284,339],"very":[84],"important":[85],"in":[86,104,135,149,287,340],"field":[88],"both":[90,138,290,308],"genes\u2019":[91],"and/or":[92],"proteins\u2019":[93],"interaction":[94,148],"since":[95],"it":[96],"undergirds":[97],"essentially":[98],"all":[99],"interactions":[100],"between":[101],"molecular":[102,146],"components":[103],"GRN":[106,134],"extraction":[108,350],"profiles,":[112],"allows":[114],"us":[115],"identify":[117],"how":[118],"biological":[121,151],"objects":[122],"(disease,":[123],"state":[124],"patients,":[126],"etc.)":[127],"contribute":[128],"further":[131],"terms":[136],"symmetry":[140],"understanding":[142],"mechanism":[144],"element":[147],"a":[150,241],"organism.":[152],"Within":[153],"framework":[155,231,323],"our":[157,330],"research,":[158],"have":[160,216,244,276],"following":[163],"metrics:":[164],"Mutual":[165],"information":[166,249],"maximization":[167,250],"(MIM)":[168],"using":[169],"various":[170,224,260,358],"methods":[171,225,261],"Shannon":[173,227,263],"entropy":[174,228,264],"calculation,":[175],"Pearson\u2019s":[176,295,313],"\u03c72":[177,296,314],"test":[178],"correlation":[180,281],"distance.":[181],"accuracy":[183],"samples":[187],"classification":[188],"was":[189,207,319],"as":[191],"main":[193,333],"quality":[194],"criterion":[195],"evaluate":[197],"appropriate":[199],"metric":[200,235,253,283,293,304,311,318],"effectiveness.":[201],"random":[203],"forest":[204],"classifier":[205],"(RF)":[206],"during":[209],"simulation":[211,275],"process.":[212],"shown":[217,278],"that":[218,279,306,362],"use":[222,258,355],"within":[229,321],"MIM":[234],"disagree":[236],"with":[237,365],"each":[238,366],"other.":[239],"As":[240],"result,":[242],"proposed":[245,317,337],"modified":[247],"mutual":[248],"(MMIM)":[251],"proximity":[252,282,303,360],"joint":[257,354],"calculation":[265],"Harrington":[268],"desirability":[269],"function.":[270],"also":[277],"less":[285],"comparison":[288],"MMIM":[292,310],"test.":[297,315],"Finally,":[298],"propose":[300],"hybrid":[302],"(HPM)":[305],"considers":[307],"one-cluster":[325],"structure":[326],"evaluation.":[328],"To":[329],"mind,":[331],"benefit":[334],"HPM":[338],"increasing":[341],"objectivity":[343],"mutually":[345],"similar":[346],"due":[351],"contradict":[364],"other":[367],"when":[368],"they":[369],"alone.":[372]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}