{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199880317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091746","title":"Brain Symmetry Analysis during the Use of a BCI Based on Motor Imagery for the Control of a Lower-Limb Exoskeleton","display_name":"Brain Symmetry Analysis during the Use of a BCI Based on Motor Imagery for the Control of a Lower-Limb Exoskeleton","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199880317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091746","mag":"3199880317"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13091746","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091746","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/9/1746/pdf?version=1632038578","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/9/1746/pdf?version=1632038578","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034050126","display_name":"Laura Ferrero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2256-757X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111262870","display_name":"Universitat de Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez d'Elx","ror":"https://ror.org/01azzms13","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laura Ferrero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brain-Machine Interface System Lab, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brain-Machine Interface System Lab, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018409991","display_name":"Mario Ort\u00edz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4269-1554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111262870","display_name":"Universitat de Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez d'Elx","ror":"https://ror.org/01azzms13","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Ortiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brain-Machine Interface System Lab, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brain-Machine Interface System Lab, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040034880","display_name":"Vicente Quiles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7000-5390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111262870","display_name":"Universitat de Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez d'Elx","ror":"https://ror.org/01azzms13","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vicente Quiles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brain-Machine Interface System Lab, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brain-Machine Interface System Lab, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024671023","display_name":"Eduardo I\u00e1\u00f1ez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-5952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111262870","display_name":"Universitat de Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez d'Elx","ror":"https://ror.org/01azzms13","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo I\u00e1\u00f1ez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brain-Machine Interface System Lab, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brain-Machine Interface System Lab, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102423483","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 A. Flores","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111262870","display_name":"Universitat de Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez d'Elx","ror":"https://ror.org/01azzms13","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 A. Flores","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024891438","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 M. Azor\u00edn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5548-9657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111262870","display_name":"Universitat de Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez d'Elx","ror":"https://ror.org/01azzms13","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 M. Azor\u00edn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brain-Machine Interface System Lab, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brain-Machine Interface System Lab, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034050126"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.3026,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78503124,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"9","first_page":"1746","last_page":"1746"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laterality","display_name":"Laterality","score":0.8495503067970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.8347370624542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.827713131904602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-imagery","display_name":"Motor imagery","score":0.8057026863098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exoskeleton","display_name":"Exoskeleton","score":0.7379746437072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.4384195804595947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.43743717670440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.4283919632434845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensorimotor-rhythm","display_name":"Sensorimotor rhythm","score":0.42479947209358215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-activity-and-meditation","display_name":"Brain activity and meditation","score":0.41054555773735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3333512544631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.2521142363548279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.15907257795333862}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171508891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927834","display_name":"Laterality","level":2,"score":0.8495503067970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.8347370624542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.827713131904602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54808283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918191","display_name":"Motor imagery","level":4,"score":0.8057026863098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146549078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191944","display_name":"Exoskeleton","level":2,"score":0.7379746437072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.4384195804595947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.43743717670440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.4283919632434845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4736045","display_name":"Sensorimotor rhythm","level":4,"score":0.42479947209358215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120843803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955807","display_name":"Brain activity and meditation","level":3,"score":0.41054555773735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3333512544631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.2521142363548279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.15907257795333862}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13091746","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091746","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/9/1746/pdf?version=1632038578","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:31b2f2707a24445198750e5dd951fe8b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/31b2f2707a24445198750e5dd951fe8b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 13, Iss 9, p 1746 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/13/9/1746/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13091746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13091746","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091746","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/9/1746/pdf?version=1632038578","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2821264687","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RTI2018-096677-B-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2986563269","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GV/2019/009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","funder_display_name":"European Social Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5639747534","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RTI2018-096677-B-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6445642190","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GV/2019/009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336489","funder_display_name":"Conselleria de Innovaci\u00f3n, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital, Generalitat Valenciana"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7214848874","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RTI2018-096677-B-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336489","display_name":"Conselleria de Innovaci\u00f3n, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital, Generalitat Valenciana","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","display_name":"European Social Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3199880317.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3199880317.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535602073","https://openalex.org/W1945219858","https://openalex.org/W1986456936","https://openalex.org/W1995582460","https://openalex.org/W2003877340","https://openalex.org/W2010371409","https://openalex.org/W2036978525","https://openalex.org/W2043795702","https://openalex.org/W2049166497","https://openalex.org/W2051652848","https://openalex.org/W2059915684","https://openalex.org/W2068499862","https://openalex.org/W2075734565","https://openalex.org/W2081791519","https://openalex.org/W2116308679","https://openalex.org/W2132360759","https://openalex.org/W2142280324","https://openalex.org/W2166271776","https://openalex.org/W2236853541","https://openalex.org/W2339248509","https://openalex.org/W2485686941","https://openalex.org/W2508300267","https://openalex.org/W2531170674","https://openalex.org/W2535478165","https://openalex.org/W2590420622","https://openalex.org/W2591622336","https://openalex.org/W2599503455","https://openalex.org/W2760185644","https://openalex.org/W2762932129","https://openalex.org/W2769165048","https://openalex.org/W2786654241","https://openalex.org/W2790471600","https://openalex.org/W2794345050","https://openalex.org/W2884476330","https://openalex.org/W2989162087","https://openalex.org/W3004533549","https://openalex.org/W3011083572","https://openalex.org/W3064290685","https://openalex.org/W3080706724","https://openalex.org/W3082201492","https://openalex.org/W3090908420","https://openalex.org/W3099386975","https://openalex.org/W3104581224","https://openalex.org/W3115777743","https://openalex.org/W3138353719","https://openalex.org/W3140498284","https://openalex.org/W3143817570","https://openalex.org/W3157797700","https://openalex.org/W3165386217","https://openalex.org/W3168313830","https://openalex.org/W6774359285"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3011406066","https://openalex.org/W2071866127","https://openalex.org/W3004533549","https://openalex.org/W2765876333","https://openalex.org/W2164423683","https://openalex.org/W182529063","https://openalex.org/W1974048148","https://openalex.org/W4288783412","https://openalex.org/W1564064088","https://openalex.org/W2024382455"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Brain\u2013Computer":[0],"Interfaces":[1],"(BCI)":[2],"are":[3,18],"systems":[4],"that":[5],"allow":[6],"external":[7],"devices":[8],"to":[9,55],"be":[10],"controlled":[11],"by":[12],"means":[13],"of":[14,29,51,59,65,108,144],"brain":[15],"activity.":[16],"There":[17],"different":[19,86],"such":[20],"technologies,":[21],"and":[22,82,99,110],"electroencephalography":[23],"(EEG)":[24],"is":[25,36],"an":[26],"example.":[27],"One":[28],"the":[30,57,66,96,101,106,136,139,142,145,150,152],"most":[31],"common":[32],"EEG":[33,87],"control":[34],"methods":[35],"based":[37],"on":[38],"detecting":[39],"changes":[40],"in":[41,76],"sensorimotor":[42],"rhythms":[43],"(SMRs)":[44],"during":[45,79,138],"motor":[46],"imagery":[47],"(MI).":[48],"The":[49],"aim":[50],"this":[52],"study":[53],"was":[54,114],"assess":[56],"laterality":[58,111],"cortical":[60],"function":[61],"when":[62],"performing":[63],"MI":[64],"lower":[67],"limb.":[68],"Brain":[69],"signals":[70],"from":[71,124],"five":[72],"subjects":[73],"were":[74,90,120,131],"analyzed":[75],"two":[77],"conditions,":[78],"exoskeleton-assisted":[80],"gait":[81],"while":[83],"static.":[84],"Three":[85],"electrode":[88,129],"configurations":[89,130],"evaluated:":[91],"covering":[92,95,100],"both":[93],"hemispheres,":[94],"non-dominant":[97],"hemisphere":[98],"dominant":[102],"hemisphere.":[103],"In":[104],"addition,":[105],"evolution":[107,137],"performance":[109,143],"with":[112,122],"practice":[113],"assessed.":[115],"Although":[116],"sightly":[117],"superior":[118],"results":[119],"achieved":[121],"information":[123],"all":[125],"electrodes,":[126],"differences":[127],"between":[128],"not":[132],"statistically":[133],"significant.":[134],"Regarding":[135],"experimental":[140],"sessions,":[141],"BCI":[146],"generally":[147],"evolved":[148],"positively":[149],"higher":[151],"experience":[153],"was.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}