{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201359772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091728","title":"An Auditory Saliency Pooling-Based LSTM Model for Speech Intelligibility Classification","display_name":"An Auditory Saliency Pooling-Based LSTM Model for Speech Intelligibility Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201359772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091728","mag":"3201359772"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13091728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091728","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/9/1728/pdf?version=1631946404","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/9/1728/pdf?version=1631946404","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065719579","display_name":"Ascensi\u00f3n Gallardo-Antol\u00edn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9322-3128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ascensi\u00f3n Gallardo-Antol\u00edn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad, 30, Legan\u00e9s, 28911 Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad, 30, Legan\u00e9s, 28911 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051480712","display_name":"Juan Manuel Montero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7908-5400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan M. Montero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Speech Technology Group, E.T.S.I. Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Avda. de la Complutense, 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Speech Technology Group, E.T.S.I. Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Avda. de la Complutense, 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065719579"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.9257,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7476423,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"9","first_page":"1728","last_page":"1728"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.8467968106269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.819085419178009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligibility","display_name":"Intelligibility (philosophy)","score":0.7298557162284851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6654413342475891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5544657707214355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37148773670196533}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.8467968106269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.819085419178009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1433889","display_name":"Intelligibility (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.7298557162284851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6654413342475891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5544657707214355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37148773670196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13091728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091728","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/9/1728/pdf?version=1631946404","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:66b046b767994d1193b628b82ba73261","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/66b046b767994d1193b628b82ba73261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 13, Iss 9, p 1728 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:e-archivo.uc3m.es:10016/33706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10016/33706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400817","display_name":"e-Archivo (Carlos III University of Madrid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","host_organization_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"research article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/13/9/1728/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13091728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oa.upm.es:78272","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oa.upm.es/78272/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196323","display_name":"UPM Digital Archive (Technical University of Madrid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","host_organization_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, ISSN 2073-8994, 2021, Vol. 13, No. 9","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13091728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091728","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/9/1728/pdf?version=1631946404","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7755616362","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Strategic Action 2018/00071/001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323770","funder_display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323770","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3201359772.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3201359772.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118927434","https://openalex.org/W180052447","https://openalex.org/W395014823","https://openalex.org/W854541894","https://openalex.org/W1583399942","https://openalex.org/W1964641208","https://openalex.org/W1972567154","https://openalex.org/W1987035089","https://openalex.org/W2030829256","https://openalex.org/W2046893754","https://openalex.org/W2056500762","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2065840343","https://openalex.org/W2107570013","https://openalex.org/W2122832694","https://openalex.org/W2127877627","https://openalex.org/W2152909444","https://openalex.org/W2156232986","https://openalex.org/W2169131441","https://openalex.org/W2399001651","https://openalex.org/W2403339321","https://openalex.org/W2404181117","https://openalex.org/W2444249798","https://openalex.org/W2512885694","https://openalex.org/W2563356726","https://openalex.org/W2625297138","https://openalex.org/W2745969942","https://openalex.org/W2750666523","https://openalex.org/W2883943760","https://openalex.org/W2902095104","https://openalex.org/W2973134256","https://openalex.org/W2975938118","https://openalex.org/W2982534039","https://openalex.org/W2999959629","https://openalex.org/W3015295955","https://openalex.org/W3016192394","https://openalex.org/W3036548303","https://openalex.org/W3088145342","https://openalex.org/W3128121831","https://openalex.org/W3161428216","https://openalex.org/W3164350237","https://openalex.org/W3180920294","https://openalex.org/W3196511136","https://openalex.org/W3209073848","https://openalex.org/W4256161595","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6623517193","https://openalex.org/W6712978182","https://openalex.org/W6730921561","https://openalex.org/W6748326514","https://openalex.org/W6756246102"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Speech":[0],"intelligibility":[1,33,225],"is":[2,88,133],"a":[3,44,57,89,187],"crucial":[4],"element":[5],"in":[6,36],"oral":[7],"communication":[8],"that":[9,166,178,204],"can":[10,207],"be":[11,208],"influenced":[12],"by":[13,170],"multiple":[14],"elements,":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17,56,215],"noise,":[18],"channel":[19],"characteristics,":[20],"or":[21],"speech":[22,32,168,224],"disorders.":[23],"In":[24,129],"this":[25,37,80,86,130],"paper,":[26],"we":[27,60],"address":[28],"the":[29,63,66,70,82,101,109,113,124,139,143,149,163,180,212,220,223],"task":[30],"of":[31,65,69,85,92,112,122,138,222],"classification":[34],"(SIC)":[35],"last":[38],"circumstance.":[39],"Taking":[40],"our":[41],"previous":[42],"works,":[43],"SIC":[45],"system":[46,193],"based":[47],"on":[48,162],"an":[49,119,216],"attentional":[50,150],"long":[51],"short-term":[52],"memory":[53],"(LSTM)":[54],"network,":[55,114],"starting":[58],"point,":[59],"deal":[61],"with":[62,172,182,197],"problem":[64],"inadequate":[67],"learning":[68,155],"attention":[71,146,201],"weights":[72,103],"due":[73],"to":[74,135],"training":[75,110],"data":[76],"scarcity.":[77],"For":[78],"overcoming":[79],"issue,":[81],"main":[83],"contribution":[84],"paper":[87],"novel":[90],"type":[91],"weighted":[93],"pooling":[94,99,184,199],"(WP)":[95],"mechanism,":[96],"called":[97],"saliency":[98,127,183,206],"where":[100],"WP":[102],"are":[104,116,160],"not":[105],"automatically":[106],"learned":[107],"during":[108],"process":[111],"but":[115],"obtained":[117],"from":[118],"external":[120,217],"source":[121],"information,":[123],"Kalinli\u2019s":[125,205],"auditory":[126,145],"model.":[128],"way,":[131],"it":[132],"intended":[134],"take":[136],"advantage":[137],"apparent":[140],"symmetry":[141],"between":[142],"human":[144],"mechanism":[147],"and":[148,194,200],"models":[151],"integrated":[152],"into":[153,211],"deep":[154],"networks.":[156],"The":[157],"developed":[158],"systems":[159,181,196],"assessed":[161],"UA-speech":[164],"dataset":[165],"comprises":[167],"uttered":[169],"subjects":[171],"several":[173],"dysarthria":[174],"levels.":[175],"Results":[176],"show":[177],"all":[179],"significantly":[185],"outperform":[186],"reference":[188],"support":[189],"vector":[190],"machine":[191],"(SVM)-based":[192],"LSTM-based":[195],"mean":[198],"pooling,":[202],"suggesting":[203],"successfully":[209],"incorporated":[210],"LSTM":[213],"architecture":[214],"cue":[218],"for":[219],"estimation":[221],"level.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
