{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201377717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091680","title":"Model-Free Non-Cascade Integral Sliding Mode Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive with a Fast Reaching Law","display_name":"Model-Free Non-Cascade Integral Sliding Mode Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive with a Fast Reaching Law","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201377717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091680","mag":"3201377717"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13091680","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091680","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/9/1680/pdf?version=1631694151","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/9/1680/pdf?version=1631694151","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100359037","display_name":"Tong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7170-385X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108688024","display_name":"Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/021cj6z65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073478843","display_name":"Xudong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9803-7298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108688024","display_name":"Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/021cj6z65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xudong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China","Shandong Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Qingdao 266071, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Qingdao 266071, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073478843"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.2033,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78763757,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"9","first_page":"1680","last_page":"1680"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10504","display_name":"Sensorless Control of Electric Motors","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10504","display_name":"Sensorless Control of Electric Motors","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11749","display_name":"Iterative Learning Control Systems","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.8258619904518127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascade","display_name":"Cascade","score":0.7599024176597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5538500547409058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5381587147712708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permanent-magnet-synchronous-motor","display_name":"Permanent magnet synchronous motor","score":0.5321877002716064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5073911547660828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sliding-mode-control","display_name":"Sliding mode control","score":0.4836650788784027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronous-motor","display_name":"Synchronous motor","score":0.472674697637558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disturbance","display_name":"Disturbance (geology)","score":0.46867284178733826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.4672629237174988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lyapunov-stability","display_name":"Lyapunov stability","score":0.44024717807769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integral-sliding-mode","display_name":"Integral sliding mode","score":0.42531082034111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lyapunov-function","display_name":"Lyapunov function","score":0.41747578978538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnet","display_name":"Magnet","score":0.363977313041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3622535467147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.2959429919719696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24783045053482056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.15140798687934875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10467806458473206}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.8258619904518127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.7599024176597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5538500547409058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5381587147712708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986944758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845675","display_name":"Permanent magnet synchronous motor","level":3,"score":0.5321877002716064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5073911547660828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36662352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6008560","display_name":"Sliding mode control","level":3,"score":0.4836650788784027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71376005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845675","display_name":"Synchronous motor","level":2,"score":0.472674697637558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283581","display_name":"Disturbance (geology)","level":2,"score":0.46867284178733826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.4672629237174988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776829284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341651","display_name":"Lyapunov stability","level":3,"score":0.44024717807769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778132902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042725","display_name":"Integral sliding mode","level":4,"score":0.42531082034111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60640748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2337858","display_name":"Lyapunov function","level":3,"score":0.41747578978538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.363977313041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3622535467147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2959429919719696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24783045053482056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.15140798687934875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10467806458473206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13091680","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091680","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/9/1680/pdf?version=1631694151","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d680f6c4de5846deb239ffe1b7f191d2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d680f6c4de5846deb239ffe1b7f191d2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 13, Iss 9, p 1680 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/13/9/1680/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13091680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13091680","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091680","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/9/1680/pdf?version=1631694151","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3966641042","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 2019KJN033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336653","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8291658328","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.52037005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8360242148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.2018M632622","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8981639167","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 61703222","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336653","display_name":"Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3201377717.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3201377717.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981130496","https://openalex.org/W1986953096","https://openalex.org/W1990042683","https://openalex.org/W1993917498","https://openalex.org/W2010586405","https://openalex.org/W2010699465","https://openalex.org/W2019375098","https://openalex.org/W2051335294","https://openalex.org/W2071541631","https://openalex.org/W2157540237","https://openalex.org/W2168487545","https://openalex.org/W2342575741","https://openalex.org/W2511795889","https://openalex.org/W2519348275","https://openalex.org/W2522163318","https://openalex.org/W2570271643","https://openalex.org/W2749777304","https://openalex.org/W2804910732","https://openalex.org/W2900774998","https://openalex.org/W2909945725","https://openalex.org/W2922139567","https://openalex.org/W2965264179","https://openalex.org/W2981594398","https://openalex.org/W2996832893","https://openalex.org/W3001451230","https://openalex.org/W3003853390","https://openalex.org/W3004836773","https://openalex.org/W3017512892","https://openalex.org/W3018404815","https://openalex.org/W3021535231","https://openalex.org/W3032322516","https://openalex.org/W3038177802","https://openalex.org/W3048979405","https://openalex.org/W3049605381","https://openalex.org/W3100957396","https://openalex.org/W3147953769","https://openalex.org/W3167069446","https://openalex.org/W3175397459","https://openalex.org/W6727697335","https://openalex.org/W6776055861","https://openalex.org/W6779374051"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979692063","https://openalex.org/W2726654316","https://openalex.org/W2899899983","https://openalex.org/W2388459438","https://openalex.org/W2021587409","https://openalex.org/W4384821980","https://openalex.org/W2165744821","https://openalex.org/W1496250982","https://openalex.org/W2392286806","https://openalex.org/W3203966125"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electric":[0],"vehicle":[1],"has":[2,158],"become":[3],"the":[4,8,18,29,34,61,80,96,113,121,125,127,135,143,150,155],"main":[5],"trend":[6],"of":[7,10,20,37,64,124,142],"development":[9],"automobile":[11],"industry.":[12],"As":[13],"a":[14,25,44,52,89],"highly":[15],"symmetrical":[16],"system,":[17,126],"characteristics":[19],"drive":[21],"motor":[22,41,75],"will":[23],"have":[24],"great":[26],"impact":[27],"on":[28],"driving":[30],"comfort.":[31],"Aiming":[32],"at":[33],"control":[35,50],"regulation":[36],"permanent":[38],"magnet":[39],"synchronous":[40],"(PMSM)":[42],"drive,":[43],"model-free":[45],"and":[46,95,162],"non-cascade":[47,108],"sliding":[48,85],"mode":[49,86],"with":[51,88],"fast-reaching":[53],"law":[54,92],"is":[55,66,93,145],"proposed":[56,156],"in":[57],"this":[58],"paper.":[59],"Firstly,":[60],"mathematical":[62],"model":[63,71],"PMSM":[65],"constructed":[67],"as":[68],"an":[69,83],"ultra-local":[70],"without":[72],"considering":[73],"any":[74],"parameters.":[76],"Then,":[77],"to":[78,118,133],"improve":[79,120],"response":[81],"speed,":[82],"integral":[84],"method":[87,157],"fast":[90,97],"reaching":[91],"proposed,":[94],"convergence":[98,160],"can":[99],"be":[100],"realized.":[101],"The":[102,140],"controller":[103],"system":[104,114,144],"adopts":[105],"single":[106],"loop":[107],"control,":[109],"which":[110],"greatly":[111],"simplifies":[112],"structure.":[115],"In":[116],"order":[117],"further":[119],"anti-disturbance":[122,164],"performance":[123],"dual":[128],"disturbance":[129,136],"observers":[130],"are":[131],"used":[132],"compensate":[134],"through":[137],"feed-forward":[138],"control.":[139],"stability":[141],"proved":[146],"by":[147],"Lyapunov.":[148],"Finally,":[149],"experimental":[151],"results":[152],"show":[153],"that":[154],"faster":[159],"speed":[161],"stronger":[163],"ability.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}