{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3194475041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13081517","title":"Improving Sentiment Classification of Restaurant Reviews with Attention-Based Bi-GRU Neural Network","display_name":"Improving Sentiment Classification of Restaurant Reviews with Attention-Based Bi-GRU Neural Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3194475041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13081517","mag":"3194475041"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13081517","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13081517","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/8/1517/pdf?version=1629273873","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/8/1517/pdf?version=1629273873","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018151181","display_name":"Liangqiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5348-4721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37574244","display_name":"Sichuan Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0388c3403","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37574244"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangqiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business and Tourism School, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611830, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business and Tourism School, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37574244"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032091007","display_name":"Liang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5557-7515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37574244","display_name":"Sichuan Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0388c3403","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37574244"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business and Tourism School, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611830, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business and Tourism School, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37574244"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101893644","display_name":"Yuyang Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8138-4880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37574244","display_name":"Sichuan Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0388c3403","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37574244"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuyang Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business and Tourism School, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611830, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business and Tourism School, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37574244"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032091007"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37574244"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":4.7769,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95688856,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"8","first_page":"1517","last_page":"1517"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10609","display_name":"Digital Marketing and Social Media","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9455000162124634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word2vec","display_name":"Word2vec","score":0.9069989323616028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.8998420238494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7980653643608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5896750688552856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4717610478401184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4658108055591583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.44334128499031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4253201186656952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topic-model","display_name":"Topic model","score":0.41294440627098083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.38752666115760803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.37223508954048157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3454636037349701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3400048017501831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776461190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22673982","display_name":"Word2vec","level":3,"score":0.9069989323616028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.8998420238494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7980653643608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5896750688552856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4717610478401184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4658108055591583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.44334128499031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4253201186656952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171686336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3532085","display_name":"Topic model","level":2,"score":0.41294440627098083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38752666115760803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.37223508954048157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3454636037349701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3400048017501831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13081517","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13081517","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/8/1517/pdf?version=1629273873","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:756b667ce8b54f4f8156e9d195f0cb87","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/756b667ce8b54f4f8156e9d195f0cb87","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 13, Iss 8, p 1517 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/13/8/1517/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13081517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13081517","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13081517","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/8/1517/pdf?version=1629273873","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3194475041.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W117433297","https://openalex.org/W180351806","https://openalex.org/W1924770834","https://openalex.org/W1971330757","https://openalex.org/W1974051946","https://openalex.org/W2001569578","https://openalex.org/W2009055572","https://openalex.org/W2019759670","https://openalex.org/W2029080598","https://openalex.org/W2050106721","https://openalex.org/W2149097201","https://openalex.org/W2170505850","https://openalex.org/W2583180839","https://openalex.org/W2584429674","https://openalex.org/W2585078266","https://openalex.org/W2585707601","https://openalex.org/W2726474813","https://openalex.org/W2769317996","https://openalex.org/W2782992395","https://openalex.org/W2891404605","https://openalex.org/W2901737885","https://openalex.org/W2913967278","https://openalex.org/W2916227226","https://openalex.org/W2923528470","https://openalex.org/W2941947904","https://openalex.org/W2945943453","https://openalex.org/W2962933419","https://openalex.org/W2964236337","https://openalex.org/W2969262604","https://openalex.org/W2972852942","https://openalex.org/W2981990016","https://openalex.org/W2999582513","https://openalex.org/W3008003435","https://openalex.org/W3034948298","https://openalex.org/W3069727413","https://openalex.org/W3097617283","https://openalex.org/W3117341398","https://openalex.org/W3120684843","https://openalex.org/W3122657203","https://openalex.org/W3125888712","https://openalex.org/W3141714916","https://openalex.org/W3146366485","https://openalex.org/W3153487575","https://openalex.org/W6769481631"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2980729574","https://openalex.org/W1560851690","https://openalex.org/W3092047717","https://openalex.org/W3110772647","https://openalex.org/W2770162183","https://openalex.org/W4390881630","https://openalex.org/W3003606604","https://openalex.org/W3040974839","https://openalex.org/W2795129682","https://openalex.org/W2594674086"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,15,54,58,67,109,120,124,132,154,160],"era":[2],"of":[3,11,18,51,57,123,156],"Web":[4],"2.0,":[5],"there":[6],"is":[7,39,53,129],"a":[8,91],"huge":[9,16],"amount":[10,17],"user-generated":[12],"content,":[13],"but":[14],"unstructured":[19],"data":[20],"makes":[21],"it":[22,38],"difficult":[23],"for":[24,31,45,95],"merchants":[25],"to":[26,33,41,63,74,89,105,143,152],"provide":[27],"personalized":[28],"services":[29],"and":[30,73,86,107],"users":[32],"extract":[34],"information":[35],"efficiently,":[36],"so":[37,81],"necessary":[40],"perform":[42],"sentiment":[43,92,126,135,145,157],"analysis":[44,93,127,136,146,158],"restaurant":[46,71,97,161],"reviews.":[47,98],"The":[48],"significant":[49],"advantage":[50],"Bi-GRU":[52],"guaranteed":[55],"symmetry":[56],"hidden":[59],"layer":[60],"weight":[61],"update,":[62],"take":[64],"into":[65],"account":[66],"context":[68],"in":[69,147,159],"online":[70,96,148],"reviews":[72,100],"obtain":[75],"better":[76,130],"results":[77],"with":[78],"fewer":[79],"parameters,":[80],"we":[82,116],"combined":[83],"Word2vec,":[84],"Bi-GRU,":[85],"Attention":[87],"method":[88],"build":[90],"model":[94,128],"Restaurant":[99],"from":[101],"Dianping.com":[102],"were":[103],"used":[104,134],"train":[106],"validate":[108],"model.":[110],"With":[111],"F1-score":[112],"greater":[113],"than":[114,131],"89%,":[115],"can":[117],"conclude":[118],"that":[119],"comprehensive":[121],"performance":[122,155],"Word2vec+Bi-GRU+Attention":[125],"commonly":[133],"models.":[137],"We":[138],"applied":[139],"deep":[140],"learning":[141],"methods":[142],"review":[144,162],"food":[149],"ordering":[150],"platforms":[151],"improve":[153],"domain.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}