{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3186079023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13071290","title":"A New Feature Selection Method Based on a Self-Variant Genetic Algorithm Applied to Android Malware Detection","display_name":"A New Feature Selection Method Based on a Self-Variant Genetic Algorithm Applied to Android Malware Detection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3186079023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13071290","mag":"3186079023"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13071290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13071290","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/7/1290/pdf?version=1626677794","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/7/1290/pdf?version=1626677794","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350771","display_name":"Le Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6104-7820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019309368","display_name":"North Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xjevr11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019309368"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northern Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northern Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019309368"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062392764","display_name":"Yuelin Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2021-2097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019309368","display_name":"North Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xjevr11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019309368"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuelin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ningxia Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information and Data Processing, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2021-2097","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ningxia Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information and Data Processing, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019309368"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064788213","display_name":"Shanshan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3920-3713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019309368","display_name":"North Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xjevr11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019309368"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanshan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northern Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northern Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019309368"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109482996","display_name":"Yong Xin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019309368","display_name":"North Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xjevr11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019309368"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Yong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northern Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northern Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019309368"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062392764"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019309368"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":3.2027,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92483411,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"7","first_page":"1290","last_page":"1290"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.739370584487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.6232044696807861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5897186398506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.529433012008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4962788224220276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.49202629923820496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.4709392786026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-based-incremental-learning","display_name":"Population-based incremental learning","score":0.4635649621486664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.46138837933540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.44678911566734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35278427600860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34875908493995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34499797224998474}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.739370584487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.6232044696807861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5897186398506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.529433012008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4962788224220276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.49202629923820496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.4709392786026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184497298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7229773","display_name":"Population-based incremental learning","level":3,"score":0.4635649621486664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.46138837933540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.44678911566734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35278427600860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34875908493995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34499797224998474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13071290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13071290","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/7/1290/pdf?version=1626677794","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c8bfefd86d2340b1b016383930ff88b0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c8bfefd86d2340b1b016383930ff88b0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 13, Iss 7, p 1290 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/13/7/1290/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13071290","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13071290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13071290","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/7/1290/pdf?version=1626677794","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3186079023.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W68631387","https://openalex.org/W198598726","https://openalex.org/W1444952417","https://openalex.org/W1569188938","https://openalex.org/W1659842140","https://openalex.org/W1943233084","https://openalex.org/W2000936754","https://openalex.org/W2014358803","https://openalex.org/W2014802425","https://openalex.org/W2037351952","https://openalex.org/W2060070251","https://openalex.org/W2060579268","https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2101901946","https://openalex.org/W2117616731","https://openalex.org/W2122672392","https://openalex.org/W2125213524","https://openalex.org/W2132549764","https://openalex.org/W2134089235","https://openalex.org/W2135190479","https://openalex.org/W2149454242","https://openalex.org/W2149772057","https://openalex.org/W2159625780","https://openalex.org/W2171389360","https://openalex.org/W2290883490","https://openalex.org/W2297395784","https://openalex.org/W2403072371","https://openalex.org/W2508160469","https://openalex.org/W2739760772","https://openalex.org/W2740191880","https://openalex.org/W2770321693","https://openalex.org/W2791019495","https://openalex.org/W2802756541","https://openalex.org/W2807026630","https://openalex.org/W2809816255","https://openalex.org/W2811018847","https://openalex.org/W2907236248","https://openalex.org/W2982413766","https://openalex.org/W2997674406","https://openalex.org/W3004565805","https://openalex.org/W3010701680","https://openalex.org/W3105511324","https://openalex.org/W3110406587","https://openalex.org/W3120671187","https://openalex.org/W3134654015","https://openalex.org/W3154940689","https://openalex.org/W4248062477","https://openalex.org/W4249247926","https://openalex.org/W6640563219","https://openalex.org/W6680072048","https://openalex.org/W6680192197","https://openalex.org/W6682496738","https://openalex.org/W6684801420","https://openalex.org/W6697634807","https://openalex.org/W6741816631"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2717179875","https://openalex.org/W4249118297","https://openalex.org/W2373079942","https://openalex.org/W2031035514","https://openalex.org/W2385808795","https://openalex.org/W2375052855","https://openalex.org/W2372098157","https://openalex.org/W2064754602","https://openalex.org/W2129228523","https://openalex.org/W2376671918"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"solving":[1,60,101],"classification":[2,40,182],"problems":[3],"in":[4,169],"the":[5,13,27,37,43,64,74,77,82,88,92,96,102,112,115,117,132,135,167,175,185,189,192],"field":[6],"of":[7,15,22,32,39,45,81,114,166,191],"machine":[8],"learning":[9],"and":[10,29,35,66,130,155,184],"pattern":[11],"recognition,":[12],"pre-processing":[14],"data":[16],"is":[17,51,84,131,142,150],"particularly":[18],"important.":[19],"The":[20,147,160],"processing":[21,34],"high-dimensional":[23],"feature":[24,48,61,103],"datasets":[25],"increases":[26],"time":[28],"space":[30],"complexity":[31],"computer":[33],"reduces":[36],"accuracy":[38],"models.":[41],"Hence,":[42],"proposal":[44],"a":[46,56,178],"good":[47,164],"selection":[49,65,104],"method":[50,149],"essential.":[52],"This":[53],"paper":[54],"presents":[55],"new":[57],"algorithm":[58,83,176],"for":[59,100],"selection,":[62],"retaining":[63],"mutation":[67,98],"operators":[68],"from":[69],"traditional":[70],"genetic":[71],"algorithms.":[72],"On":[73],"one":[75],"hand,":[76,94],"global":[78],"search":[79],"capability":[80],"ensured":[85],"by":[86],"changing":[87],"population":[89,109,118,137],"size,":[90],"on":[91,107,157],"other":[93,153],"finding":[95],"optimal":[97],"probability":[99],"problem":[105,183],"based":[106],"different":[108,158],"sizes.":[110],"During":[111],"iteration":[113],"algorithm,":[116,168],"size":[119],"does":[120],"not":[121],"change,":[122],"no":[123],"matter":[124],"how":[125],"many":[126],"transformations":[127],"are":[128],"made,":[129],"same":[133],"as":[134,145],"initialized":[136],"size;":[138],"this":[139],"spatial":[140],"invariance":[141],"physically":[143],"defined":[144],"symmetry.":[146],"proposed":[148],"compared":[151],"with":[152],"algorithms":[154],"validated":[156],"datasets.":[159],"experimental":[161],"results":[162,186],"show":[163,188],"performance":[165],"addition":[170],"to":[171,177],"which":[172],"we":[173],"apply":[174],"practical":[179],"Android":[180],"software":[181],"also":[187],"superiority":[190],"algorithm.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
