{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3163615774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13060915","title":"Numerical Investigation of Mixing by Induced Electrokinetic Flow in T-Micromixer with Conductive Curved Arc Plate","display_name":"Numerical Investigation of Mixing by Induced Electrokinetic Flow in T-Micromixer with Conductive Curved Arc Plate","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3163615774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13060915","mag":"3163615774"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13060915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13060915","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/6/915/pdf?version=1621563489","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/6/915/pdf?version=1621563489","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024049517","display_name":"Vahabodin Goodarzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7295-5434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120514687","display_name":"Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01ysgtb61","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120514687"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088961","display_name":"Biotechnology Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/013t96v18","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163205636","https://openalex.org/I4210088961"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vahabodin Goodarzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 19945-546, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 19945-546, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120514687","https://openalex.org/I4210088961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020046830","display_name":"Saeed Hayati Jafarbeygi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3084-2781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120514687","display_name":"Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01ysgtb61","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120514687"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088961","display_name":"Biotechnology Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/013t96v18","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163205636","https://openalex.org/I4210088961"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeed Hayati Jafarbeygi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 19945-546, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3084-2781","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 19945-546, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120514687","https://openalex.org/I4210088961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029966195","display_name":"Ramezan Ali Taheri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1394-6412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120514687","display_name":"Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01ysgtb61","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120514687"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramezan Ali Taheri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 1435116471, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1394-6412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 1435116471, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120514687"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087096547","display_name":"Mikhail \u0410. Sheremet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4750-0227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196355604","display_name":"National Research Tomsk State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02he2nc27","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196355604"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30849647","display_name":"Tomsk Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a45v709","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30849647"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mikhail Sheremet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Butakov Research Center, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia","Laboratory on Convective Heat and Mass Transfer, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Butakov Research Center, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196355604","https://openalex.org/I30849647"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory on Convective Heat and Mass Transfer, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196355604"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010696489","display_name":"Mohammad Ghalambaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0965-2358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141445968","display_name":"Ton Duc Thang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01drq0835","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Ghalambaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam","Metamaterials for Mechanical, Biomechanical and Multiphysical Applications Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0965-2358","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metamaterials for Mechanical, Biomechanical and Multiphysical Applications Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087096547"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196355604","https://openalex.org/I30849647"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.8487,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69354727,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"915","last_page":"915"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10412","display_name":"Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10412","display_name":"Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11255","display_name":"Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12776","display_name":"Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/micromixer","display_name":"Micromixer","score":0.8425624370574951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixing","display_name":"Mixing (physics)","score":0.676501989364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.6687811613082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6358060836791992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vortex","display_name":"Vortex","score":0.6084579825401306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arc","display_name":"Arc (geometry)","score":0.5351136326789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radius","display_name":"RADIUS","score":0.52470862865448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.4727652370929718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrokinetic-phenomena","display_name":"Electrokinetic phenomena","score":0.4712025821208954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.4522829055786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-conductor","display_name":"Electrical conductor","score":0.42756593227386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4117579460144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.28689998388290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.24638864398002625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13831883668899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.09560096263885498}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780982322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3312230","display_name":"Micromixer","level":3,"score":0.8425624370574951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138777275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6884054","display_name":"Mixing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.676501989364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.6687811613082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6358060836791992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140820882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732722","display_name":"Vortex","level":2,"score":0.6084579825401306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83415579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161973","display_name":"Arc (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5351136326789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.52470862865448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4727652370929718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27703432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2778467","display_name":"Electrokinetic phenomena","level":2,"score":0.4712025821208954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.4522829055786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202374169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124291","display_name":"Electrical conductor","level":2,"score":0.42756593227386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4117579460144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.28689998388290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.24638864398002625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13831883668899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.09560096263885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13060915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13060915","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/6/915/pdf?version=1621563489","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:69579eeda8714d169e5e4608f22002e4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/69579eeda8714d169e5e4608f22002e4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 13, Iss 6, p 915 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/13/6/915/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13060915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13060915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13060915","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/6/915/pdf?version=1621563489","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3163615774.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3163615774.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993628078","https://openalex.org/W1994895906","https://openalex.org/W2021991250","https://openalex.org/W2040654803","https://openalex.org/W2045904728","https://openalex.org/W2050577542","https://openalex.org/W2055473345","https://openalex.org/W2057940754","https://openalex.org/W2058413525","https://openalex.org/W2060456964","https://openalex.org/W2061160001","https://openalex.org/W2079812848","https://openalex.org/W2080623745","https://openalex.org/W2093144288","https://openalex.org/W2124625899","https://openalex.org/W2131885894","https://openalex.org/W2312162504","https://openalex.org/W2418312395","https://openalex.org/W2517871691","https://openalex.org/W2568274216","https://openalex.org/W2596950020","https://openalex.org/W2605539230","https://openalex.org/W2616617955","https://openalex.org/W2617651531","https://openalex.org/W2788315372","https://openalex.org/W2807811081","https://openalex.org/W2811030112","https://openalex.org/W2846025770","https://openalex.org/W2902365121","https://openalex.org/W2947134637","https://openalex.org/W2969343053","https://openalex.org/W2973864138","https://openalex.org/W2980966800","https://openalex.org/W2981759989","https://openalex.org/W2987083436","https://openalex.org/W3008913229","https://openalex.org/W3015152673","https://openalex.org/W3100135023","https://openalex.org/W3112278264","https://openalex.org/W6663163069"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387497383","https://openalex.org/W3183948672","https://openalex.org/W3173606202","https://openalex.org/W3110381201","https://openalex.org/W2948807893","https://openalex.org/W2935909890","https://openalex.org/W2778153218","https://openalex.org/W2758277628","https://openalex.org/W1531601525","https://openalex.org/W1980030933"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mixing":[0],"is":[1,133],"essential":[2],"in":[3,90,199,220,235,248],"microdevices.":[4],"Therefore,":[5],"increasing":[6],"the":[7,25,29,38,75,78,84,91,93,100,104,107,110,113,130,137,160,174,185,193,200,204,209,214,226,236,239,249,256],"mixing":[8,26,39,175,227,240,257],"efficiency":[9,111,228,241,258],"has":[10],"a":[11,34,50,54,60,116,119,148,233,246],"significant":[12],"influence":[13],"on":[14,37,106,192],"these":[15],"devices.":[16],"Using":[17],"conductive":[18,51,61],"obstacles":[19,67],"with":[20,53,118,232],"special":[21],"geometry":[22],"can":[23],"improve":[24,159],"quality":[27],"of":[28,59,77,86,95,112,144,150,166,188,203],"micromixers.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32],"paper,":[33],"numerical":[35],"study":[36,72],"caused":[40],"by":[41,176,260],"an":[42,142,164],"induced-charge":[43],"electrokinetic":[44],"micromixer":[45],"was":[46,123,211,229],"carried":[47],"out":[48],"using":[49],"plate":[52,63,146,207],"curved":[55,87,168,194,205],"arc":[56,88,169,195,206,218],"shape":[57],"instead":[58],"flat":[62,145],"or":[64],"other":[65],"non-conductive":[66],"for":[68],"Newtonian":[69],"fluids.":[70],"This":[71],"also":[73],"explored":[74],"effect":[76],"different":[79],"radius":[80,210],"curves,":[81],"span":[82,201],"length,":[83],"number":[85],"plates":[89,170,219],"channel,":[92],"pattern":[94],"arrangement,":[96],"concavity":[97,222,237],"direction,":[98,238],"and":[99,141,231],"orientation":[101,250],"angle":[102,251],"against":[103,115],"flow":[105,117,152],"mixing.":[108,215],"Furthermore,":[109],"T-micromixer":[114],"low":[120],"diffusion":[121],"coefficient":[122],"investigated.":[124],"It":[125],"should":[126],"be":[127],"noted":[128],"that":[129,154],"considered":[131],"channel":[132],"symmetric":[134,151],"regarding":[135],"to":[136,158,172,184,243,254],"middle":[138],"horizontal":[139],"plane":[140],"addition":[143,165],"reflects":[147],"formation":[149],"structures":[153],"do":[155],"not":[156],"allow":[157],"mixture":[161],"process.":[162],"While":[163],"non-symmetric":[167],"al-lows":[171],"increase":[173],"creating":[177],"vortices.":[178],"These":[179],"vortices":[180],"were":[181,224],"created":[182],"owing":[183],"non-uniform":[186],"distribution":[187],"induced":[189],"zeta":[190],"potential":[191],"plate.":[196],"A":[197],"rise":[198],"length":[202],"when":[208],"constant":[212],"improved":[213],"When":[216],"three":[217],"one":[221],"direction":[223],"used,":[225],"91.86%,":[230],"change":[234,247],"increased":[242,259],"95.44%.":[244],"With":[245],"from":[252],"0":[253],"25,":[255],"19.2%.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}