{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3159735193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13050743","title":"A New Design of Codebook for Hybrid Precoding in Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems","display_name":"A New Design of Codebook for Hybrid Precoding in Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3159735193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13050743","mag":"3159735193"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13050743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13050743","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/5/743/pdf?version=1619170725","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/5/743/pdf?version=1619170725","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100412392","display_name":"Gang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130607311","display_name":"Changsha Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sqk3z62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130607311"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Changsha Normal University, Teli Road, Changsha 410100, China","School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Lushan South Road, Changsha 410083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Changsha Normal University, Teli Road, Changsha 410100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130607311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Lushan South Road, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101044824","display_name":"Honggui Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7338-7395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Honggui Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Lushan South Road, Changsha 410083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Lushan South Road, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006316216","display_name":"Kai Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1059-0705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Lushan South Road, Changsha 410083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Lushan South Road, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067668433","display_name":"Zaoxing Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4239-3749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaoxing Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Lushan South Road, Changsha 410083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Lushan South Road, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055024225","display_name":"Jitai Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jitai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Lushan South Road, Changsha 410083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Lushan South Road, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026664536","display_name":"Dong Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3739-5750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130607311","display_name":"Changsha Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sqk3z62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130607311"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Changsha Normal University, Teli Road, Changsha 410100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Changsha Normal University, Teli Road, Changsha 410100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130607311"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101044824"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.6016,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66120958,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"743","last_page":"743"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.9788216948509216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.9200531244277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.710019588470459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.6589882373809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linde\u2013buzo\u2013gray-algorithm","display_name":"Linde\u2013Buzo\u2013Gray algorithm","score":0.6325002908706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5894038677215576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5860125422477722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5073615908622742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.49839282035827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching-pursuit","display_name":"Matching pursuit","score":0.4840252101421356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.44981083273887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressed-sensing","display_name":"Compressed sensing","score":0.4438132345676422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.29629403352737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2840210497379303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19987505674362183}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.9788216948509216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.9200531244277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.710019588470459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.6589882373809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93372532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6552455","display_name":"Linde\u2013Buzo\u2013Gray algorithm","level":3,"score":0.6325002908706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5894038677215576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5860125422477722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5073615908622742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.49839282035827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156872377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6786281","display_name":"Matching pursuit","level":3,"score":0.4840252101421356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.44981083273887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124851039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665459","display_name":"Compressed sensing","level":2,"score":0.4438132345676422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.29629403352737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2840210497379303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19987505674362183}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13050743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13050743","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/5/743/pdf?version=1619170725","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:54549bb3cb874d00a4b1743576961de6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/54549bb3cb874d00a4b1743576961de6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 13, Iss 5, p 743 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/13/5/743/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13050743","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry; Volume 13; Issue 5; Pages: 743","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13050743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13050743","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/5/743/pdf?version=1619170725","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3159735193.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3159735193.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1432778544","https://openalex.org/W1499056928","https://openalex.org/W1999153524","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2074086712","https://openalex.org/W2075148031","https://openalex.org/W2095843437","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2161515500","https://openalex.org/W2162986857","https://openalex.org/W2165350939","https://openalex.org/W2289917018","https://openalex.org/W2548834296","https://openalex.org/W2563885308","https://openalex.org/W2601993413","https://openalex.org/W2735854379","https://openalex.org/W2757012997","https://openalex.org/W2801751256","https://openalex.org/W2901858181","https://openalex.org/W2975924451","https://openalex.org/W3013689226","https://openalex.org/W6729735706"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096936443","https://openalex.org/W2081863301","https://openalex.org/W2352648934","https://openalex.org/W2365109233","https://openalex.org/W145510127","https://openalex.org/W2374856816","https://openalex.org/W1977098967","https://openalex.org/W2378932494","https://openalex.org/W2352292447","https://openalex.org/W2391875658"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,57,177],"precoding":[1,30,175,203,235],"scheme":[2],"based":[3],"on":[4],"codebooks":[5,33],"is":[6,63,188,220],"used":[7],"to":[8,35,98,118,139,231],"save":[9],"the":[10,18,21,24,27,42,51,54,70,79,85,100,105,120,125,133,141,144,151,154,158,161,166,182,186,195,201,225,232],"same":[11,80],"set":[12],"of":[13,44,53,87,143,153,157,168,173,185,194,214],"codebook":[14,45,106,122,198],"in":[15,50,69],"advance":[16],"at":[17,78],"transmitter":[19],"and":[20,61,92,113,149,165,200,211],"receiver,":[22],"then,":[23],"receiver":[25],"selects":[26],"most":[28],"appropriate":[29],"matrix":[31],"from":[32],"according":[34],"different":[36,174,212],"channel":[37],"state":[38],"information":[39],"(CSI).":[40],"Therefore,":[41],"design":[43,107],"plays":[46],"an":[47,115],"important":[48],"role":[49],"performance":[52],"whole":[55],"scheme.":[56],"symmetry-based":[58],"hybrid":[59,202],"precoder":[60],"combiner":[62],"a":[64,109],"highly":[65],"energy":[66],"efficient":[67],"structure":[68],"millimeter-wave":[71],"massive":[72],"multiple-input":[73],"multiple-output":[74],"(MIMO)":[75],"system,":[76],"but":[77],"time,":[81],"it":[82],"also":[83],"has":[84],"problems":[86],"high":[88],"bit":[89],"error":[90],"rate":[91],"low":[93,209],"spectral":[94,101,155,183],"efficiency.":[95],"In":[96,137],"order":[97,138],"improve":[99],"efficiency,":[102],"we":[103,147],"formulate":[104],"as":[108],"joint":[110,197],"optimization":[111],"problem":[112],"propose":[114],"iteration":[116],"algorithm":[117,131,159,187,199,204,207,227],"obtain":[119],"enhanced":[121],"by":[123],"combining":[124],"compressive":[126],"sampling":[127],"matching":[128],"pursuit":[129],"(CoSaMP)":[130],"with":[132,160,192,205],"dictionary":[134],"learning":[135],"algorithm.":[136,236],"prove":[140],"validity":[142],"proposed":[145,226],"algorithm,":[146],"simulate":[148],"analyze":[150],"change":[152],"efficiency":[156,184],"signal-to-noise":[162],"ratio":[163],"(SNR)":[164],"number":[167],"radio":[169],"frequency":[170],"(RF)":[171],"chains":[172],"schemes.":[176],"simulation":[178],"results":[179],"demonstrate":[180],"that":[181,193],"obviously":[189],"outstanding":[190],"compared":[191],"OMP-based":[196],"quantization":[206],"under":[208],"SNR":[210,219],"numbers":[213],"RF":[215],"chains.":[216],"Particularly,":[217],"when":[218],"lower":[221],"than":[222],"0":[223],"dB,":[224],"performs":[228],"very":[229],"close":[230],"optimal":[233],"unconstrained":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
