{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3152963176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13040700","title":"High Area-Efficient Parallel Encoder with Compatible Architecture for 5G LDPC Codes","display_name":"High Area-Efficient Parallel Encoder with Compatible Architecture for 5G LDPC Codes","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3152963176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13040700","mag":"3152963176"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13040700","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13040700","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/4/700/pdf?version=1618900576","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/4/700/pdf?version=1618900576","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101487619","display_name":"Yufei Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3832-9130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufei Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020330739","display_name":"Xing Zuo-cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zuocheng Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069146197","display_name":"Zerun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7672-0667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zerun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013147220","display_name":"Yang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9151-8486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030157670","display_name":"Y. Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0552-3383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020330739"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.7964,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7336901,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"700","last_page":"700"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-parity-check-code","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","score":0.8560839891433716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.8547964096069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7444660663604736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.5816254615783691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.49914026260375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.47288766503334045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4228706955909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41416746377944946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.3700461983680725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3313627243041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07643276453018188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67692717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187444","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","level":3,"score":0.8560839891433716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.8547964096069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7444660663604736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5816254615783691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.49914026260375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.47288766503334045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4228706955909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41416746377944946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.3700461983680725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3313627243041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07643276453018188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13040700","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13040700","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/4/700/pdf?version=1618900576","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f213f831e8064898aa16969680ba45f9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f213f831e8064898aa16969680ba45f9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 13, Iss 4, p 700 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/13/4/700/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13040700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13040700","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13040700","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/4/700/pdf?version=1618900576","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8469418851","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61874140","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3152963176.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3152963176.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988798860","https://openalex.org/W2075422580","https://openalex.org/W2080795652","https://openalex.org/W2135764410","https://openalex.org/W2140655888","https://openalex.org/W2559757893","https://openalex.org/W2559877734","https://openalex.org/W2606308235","https://openalex.org/W2731109651","https://openalex.org/W2756978646","https://openalex.org/W2759650797","https://openalex.org/W2789254838","https://openalex.org/W2806594972","https://openalex.org/W2890470917","https://openalex.org/W2901220633","https://openalex.org/W2950354133","https://openalex.org/W2951558176","https://openalex.org/W2954707195","https://openalex.org/W2983810352","https://openalex.org/W2989647718","https://openalex.org/W2990649313","https://openalex.org/W2995259402","https://openalex.org/W3004841408","https://openalex.org/W3009803599","https://openalex.org/W3011525023","https://openalex.org/W3035436457","https://openalex.org/W3101838633","https://openalex.org/W3103164328","https://openalex.org/W3123597728","https://openalex.org/W6740753178","https://openalex.org/W6789833508"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368824897","https://openalex.org/W1508050556","https://openalex.org/W1910862367","https://openalex.org/W2379365082","https://openalex.org/W2370747590","https://openalex.org/W2030109976","https://openalex.org/W2369260257","https://openalex.org/W2129146436","https://openalex.org/W2389120450","https://openalex.org/W55249799"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,132],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,32,57,90,135],"novel":[4],"parallel":[5,35,47],"quasi-cyclic":[6],"low-density":[7],"parity-check":[8],"(QC-LDPC)":[9],"encoding":[10,48,59,139],"algorithm":[11,140],"with":[12,18,37,65,149],"low":[13],"complexity,":[14],"which":[15,61,125,145],"is":[16,54,62,126],"compatible":[17,38,64,143,148],"the":[19,28,44,73,97,117,142],"5th":[20],"generation":[21],"(5G)":[22],"new":[23],"radio":[24],"(NR).":[25],"Basing":[26],"on":[27],"algorithm,":[29],"we":[30,100],"propose":[31],"high":[33,120],"area-efficient":[34],"encoder":[36,42,74,86,98,118],"architecture.":[39],"The":[40,84,112],"proposed":[41,85],"has":[43,76,119,159],"advantages":[45],"of":[46,69,108,138,153],"and":[49,122,141],"pipelined":[50],"operations.":[51],"Furthermore,":[52],"it":[53,158],"designed":[55],"as":[56],"configurable":[58],"structure,":[60],"fully":[63,147],"different":[66,150],"base":[67,110,151],"graphs":[68,152],"5G":[70,81,154,165],"LDPC.":[71],"Thus,":[72],"architecture":[75],"flexible":[77,161],"adaptability":[78,162],"for":[79,104,163],"various":[80,164],"LDPC":[82,155],"codes.":[83,156],"was":[87],"synthesized":[88],"in":[89],"65":[91],"nm":[92],"CMOS":[93],"technology.":[94],"According":[95],"to":[96],"architecture,":[99],"implemented":[101],"nine":[102],"encoders":[103],"distributed":[105],"lifting":[106],"sizes":[107],"two":[109],"graphs.":[111],"eperimental":[113],"results":[114],"show":[115],"that":[116],"performance":[121],"significant":[123],"area-efficiency,":[124],"better":[127],"than":[128],"related":[129],"prior":[130],"art.":[131],"work":[133],"includes":[134],"whole":[136],"set":[137],"encoders,":[144],"are":[146],"Therefore,":[157],"more":[160],"application":[166],"scenarios.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
