{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3150938959","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13040604","title":"Fuzzy Logic Testing Approach for Measuring Software Completeness","display_name":"Fuzzy Logic Testing Approach for Measuring Software Completeness","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3150938959","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13040604","mag":"3150938959"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13040604","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13040604","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/4/604/pdf?version=1618302183","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/4/604/pdf?version=1618302183","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041155318","display_name":"Nayyar Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-9661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nayyar Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Big Data & Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-9661","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Big Data & Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045091320","display_name":"Jun Sang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8703-7310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jun Sang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Big Data & Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8703-7310","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Big Data & Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045091320"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":2.5595,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90894149,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"604","last_page":"604"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.7066465020179749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verification-and-validation","display_name":"Verification and validation","score":0.6251554489135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6068600416183472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-sizing","display_name":"Software sizing","score":0.5744490623474121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.5172725319862366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.4814450144767761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component-based-software-engineering","display_name":"Component-based software engineering","score":0.47341758012771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-verification","display_name":"Software verification","score":0.43725529313087463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-metric","display_name":"Software metric","score":0.43561920523643494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.4301700294017792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4266456067562103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-measurement","display_name":"Software measurement","score":0.41798752546310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.4139717221260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.38247746229171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.22616282105445862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16696807742118835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1476600468158722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08776593208312988}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.7066465020179749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48002344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919644","display_name":"Verification and validation","level":2,"score":0.6251554489135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6068600416183472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201515116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554363","display_name":"Software sizing","level":5,"score":0.5744490623474121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.5172725319862366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.4814450144767761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174683762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609588","display_name":"Component-based software engineering","level":4,"score":0.47341758012771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33054407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504747","display_name":"Software verification","level":5,"score":0.43725529313087463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82214349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657339","display_name":"Software metric","level":5,"score":0.43561920523643494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.4301700294017792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4266456067562103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89567784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554325","display_name":"Software measurement","level":5,"score":0.41798752546310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.4139717221260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.38247746229171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.22616282105445862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16696807742118835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1476600468158722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08776593208312988}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13040604","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13040604","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/4/604/pdf?version=1618302183","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b961972debf141aa9021b874c2455412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b961972debf141aa9021b874c2455412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 13, Iss 4, p 604 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/13/4/604/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13040604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13040604","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13040604","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/4/604/pdf?version=1618302183","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3150938959.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3150938959.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23650822","https://openalex.org/W41777653","https://openalex.org/W59857070","https://openalex.org/W78092457","https://openalex.org/W566792883","https://openalex.org/W642054475","https://openalex.org/W1449595027","https://openalex.org/W1529207357","https://openalex.org/W1540535780","https://openalex.org/W1553176225","https://openalex.org/W1566179216","https://openalex.org/W1566533462","https://openalex.org/W1639927587","https://openalex.org/W1710734607","https://openalex.org/W1970065340","https://openalex.org/W1976640078","https://openalex.org/W1979496147","https://openalex.org/W1991741114","https://openalex.org/W1995745802","https://openalex.org/W1997300857","https://openalex.org/W2017695773","https://openalex.org/W2034813273","https://openalex.org/W2046882143","https://openalex.org/W2047101194","https://openalex.org/W2070775894","https://openalex.org/W2077980038","https://openalex.org/W2080271742","https://openalex.org/W2085465189","https://openalex.org/W2086960000","https://openalex.org/W2091537668","https://openalex.org/W2126652054","https://openalex.org/W2128893846","https://openalex.org/W2140903153","https://openalex.org/W2147375035","https://openalex.org/W2148820438","https://openalex.org/W2152043048","https://openalex.org/W2157041604","https://openalex.org/W2159827014","https://openalex.org/W2171816001","https://openalex.org/W2329360908","https://openalex.org/W2507017229","https://openalex.org/W2547866355","https://openalex.org/W2766605773","https://openalex.org/W2897549266","https://openalex.org/W2912565176","https://openalex.org/W2967791100","https://openalex.org/W3001505106","https://openalex.org/W3045060270","https://openalex.org/W3106077701","https://openalex.org/W3113028789","https://openalex.org/W3121412646","https://openalex.org/W3142906108","https://openalex.org/W3204141825","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4213226168","https://openalex.org/W4236456746","https://openalex.org/W4236532781","https://openalex.org/W4245152641","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6628449440","https://openalex.org/W6632329360","https://openalex.org/W6633983678","https://openalex.org/W6702138045"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068483578","https://openalex.org/W2796601522","https://openalex.org/W2798385000","https://openalex.org/W2182881874","https://openalex.org/W2954871701","https://openalex.org/W2005759781","https://openalex.org/W2545684011","https://openalex.org/W607996719","https://openalex.org/W2548001153","https://openalex.org/W2316872043"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,13,181,198],"advancements":[2],"in":[3,17,108,170,226],"science":[4],"and":[5,41,137,212,253],"technology,":[6],"software":[7,22,29,37,46,82,96,106,122,124,133,140,150,164,177,191,201,221,230,245],"is":[8,166,179,247],"constantly":[9],"evolving.":[10],"To":[11],"adapt":[12],"newly":[14],"demanded":[15],"requirements":[16],"a":[18,33,62,85,143,175,205],"piece":[19],"of":[20,72,215,220,229],"software,":[21],"components":[23,47,107,222],"are":[24],"modified":[25],"or":[26,173],"developed.":[27,257],"Measuring":[28],"completeness":[30,71,125,134],"has":[31],"been":[32,49],"challenging":[34],"task":[35],"for":[36,68,80,120],"companies.":[38],"The":[39,128,184],"uncertain":[40],"imprecise":[42],"intrinsic":[43],"relationships":[44],"within":[45],"have":[48],"unaddressed":[50],"by":[51,84,103,239],"researchers":[52],"during":[53,231],"the":[54,70,76,91,98,109,115,132,149,162,171,190,199,224,227,234,241],"validation":[55],"process.":[56],"In":[57,233],"this":[58],"study,":[59,235],"we":[60,236],"introduced":[61,129,242],"new":[63,176,195,200],"fuzzy":[64,77,86,92,117],"logic":[65,87],"testing":[66,88],"approach":[67,89,130],"measuring":[69],"software.":[73],"We":[74],"measured":[75,116],"membership":[78,118,145,186,207],"value":[79,146,159,187,208],"each":[81,95,121],"component":[83,141,151,165,178,192],"called":[90],"test.":[93],"For":[94],"component,":[97,123],"system":[99,110,172],"response":[100],"was":[101,126],"tested":[102],"identifying":[104],"which":[105],"required":[111,169,180],"changes.":[112],"Based":[113],"on":[114],"values":[119],"calculated.":[127],"scales":[131],"between":[135],"zero":[136],"one.":[138],"A":[139,157],"with":[142,204],"complete":[144],"indicates":[147],"that":[148,161,174,189,238,246],"does":[152],"not":[153],"require":[154],"any":[155],"modification.":[156,232],"non-membership":[158],"specifies":[160,188],"existing":[163],"no":[167],"longer":[168],"replace":[182],"it.":[183],"partial":[185,206,210],"requires":[193,209],"few":[194],"functionalities":[196],"according":[197],"requirements.":[202],"Software":[203],"restructuring":[211,228],"design":[213,219],"recovery":[214],"its":[216],"components.":[217],"Symmetric":[218],"reduces":[223],"complexity":[225],"showed":[237],"using":[240],"approach,":[243],"high-quality":[244],"faultless,":[248],"reliable,":[249],"easily":[250],"maintained,":[251],"efficient,":[252],"cost-effective":[254],"can":[255],"be":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}