{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3151677476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13040597","title":"Threat Defense: Cyber Deception Approach and Education for Resilience in Hybrid Threats Model","display_name":"Threat Defense: Cyber Deception Approach and Education for Resilience in Hybrid Threats Model","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3151677476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13040597","mag":"3151677476"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13040597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13040597","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/4/597/pdf?version=1617940061","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/4/597/pdf?version=1617940061","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028533894","display_name":"William Steingartner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2852-9403"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183764125","display_name":"Technical University of Ko\u0161ice","ror":"https://ror.org/05xm08015","country_code":"SK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183764125"]}],"countries":["SK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William Steingartner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Ko\u0161ice, Letn\u00e1 9, 042 00 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2852-9403","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Ko\u0161ice, Letn\u00e1 9, 042 00 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183764125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006743776","display_name":"Darko Galinec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4465-6143"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darko Galinec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Computing, Zagreb University of Applied Sciences, Vrbik 8, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4465-6143","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Computing, Zagreb University of Applied Sciences, Vrbik 8, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070003920","display_name":"Andrija Kozina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3023-2887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1301669915","display_name":"Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/03d04qg82","country_code":"HR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1301669915"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrija Kozina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dr. Franjo Tu\u0111man Croatian Defence Academy, 256b Ilica Street, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3023-2887","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dr. Franjo Tu\u0111man Croatian Defence Academy, 256b Ilica Street, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301669915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028533894"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183764125"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":19.3486,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":96,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99353402,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"597","last_page":"597"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deception","display_name":"Deception","score":0.8186026215553284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7893409132957458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6948668956756592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.5410311222076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.49420812726020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4936576783657074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credential","display_name":"Credential","score":0.48593392968177795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.4784412682056427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3309951424598694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18125668168067932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.15810111165046692}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779267917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170028","display_name":"Deception","level":2,"score":0.8186026215553284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7893409132957458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6948668956756592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.5410311222076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.49420812726020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4936576783657074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777810591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16861606","display_name":"Credential","level":2,"score":0.48593392968177795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.4784412682056427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3309951424598694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18125668168067932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.15810111165046692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13040597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13040597","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/4/597/pdf?version=1617940061","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9ae3698aa67c4b178e7d14e8c70acb69","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9ae3698aa67c4b178e7d14e8c70acb69","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 13, Iss 4, p 597 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/13/4/597/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13040597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13040597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13040597","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/4/597/pdf?version=1617940061","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1896692586","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"011TUKE4/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323640","funder_display_name":"Kult\u00farna a Edukacn\u00e1 Grantov\u00e1 Agent\u00fara M\u0160VVa\u0160 SR"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323640","display_name":"Kult\u00farna a Edukacn\u00e1 Grantov\u00e1 Agent\u00fara M\u0160VVa\u0160 SR","ror":"https://ror.org/044gwpv05"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3151677476.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55042603","https://openalex.org/W102998034","https://openalex.org/W1920365195","https://openalex.org/W2015401403","https://openalex.org/W2064462335","https://openalex.org/W2103305212","https://openalex.org/W2103414646","https://openalex.org/W2149061618","https://openalex.org/W2152378554","https://openalex.org/W2161482094","https://openalex.org/W2187250029","https://openalex.org/W2408971479","https://openalex.org/W2729537186","https://openalex.org/W2757525578","https://openalex.org/W2920439657","https://openalex.org/W2998704014","https://openalex.org/W3015963108","https://openalex.org/W3023538240","https://openalex.org/W3033392084","https://openalex.org/W3035909822","https://openalex.org/W3039838160","https://openalex.org/W3041222808","https://openalex.org/W3122788929","https://openalex.org/W3123602661","https://openalex.org/W3131647441","https://openalex.org/W4231109965","https://openalex.org/W4382583837","https://openalex.org/W6602269041","https://openalex.org/W6686627235","https://openalex.org/W6744962141","https://openalex.org/W6780395252","https://openalex.org/W6789318064","https://openalex.org/W6789414331"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389256677","https://openalex.org/W2013502867","https://openalex.org/W2353766896","https://openalex.org/W1986630940","https://openalex.org/W1859642347","https://openalex.org/W2123415650","https://openalex.org/W4387081478","https://openalex.org/W1806141658","https://openalex.org/W2071043234","https://openalex.org/W2521221128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,100],"paper":[1],"aims":[2],"to":[3,9,41,54,85,108,163,182,201,223,227,243],"explore":[4],"the":[5,36,89],"cyber-deception-based":[6],"approach":[7],"and":[8,45,50,56,91,143,221,252,262],"design":[10],"a":[11,68,125,136],"novel":[12],"conceptual":[13],"model":[14],"of":[15],"hybrid":[16],"threats":[17],"that":[18,105,118,127,140,156],"includes":[19,141],"deception":[20],"methods.":[21],"Security":[22],"programs":[23,39],"primarily":[24],"focus":[25],"on":[26,208,238],"prevention-based":[27],"strategies":[28],"aimed":[29],"at":[30,88],"stopping":[31],"attackers":[32,58,128],"from":[33],"getting":[34],"into":[35],"network.":[37],"These":[38,177],"attempt":[40],"use":[42,171],"hardened":[43],"perimeters":[44],"endpoint":[46],"defenses":[47,179],"by":[48,70],"recognizing":[49],"blocking":[51],"malicious":[52,245],"activities":[53],"detect":[55,183],"stop":[57],"before":[59],"they":[60,185,197],"can":[61],"get":[62],"in.":[63],"Most":[64,145],"organizations":[65,146],"implement":[66],"such":[67,249],"strategy":[69,126,139],"fortifying":[71],"their":[72],"networks":[73],"with":[74,110,247],"defense-in-depth":[75],"through":[76],"layered":[77],"prevention":[78,87,123],"controls.":[79],"Detection":[80],"controls":[81,113],"are":[82,106,134,180,186,198,215],"usually":[83],"placed":[84],"augment":[86],"perimeter,":[90],"not":[92,114,199],"as":[93,211,219,250],"consistently":[94,130],"deployed":[95],"for":[96,117,166],"in-network":[97],"threat":[98],"detection.":[99],"architecture":[101],"leaves":[102],"detection":[103,142,150,169],"gaps":[104],"difficult":[107],"fill":[109],"existing":[111],"security":[112,232],"specifically":[115],"designed":[116,181,200],"role.":[119],"Rather":[120],"than":[121],"using":[122],"alone,":[124],"have":[129,193],"succeeded":[131],"against,":[132],"defenders":[133],"adopting":[135],"more":[137,240],"balanced":[138],"response.":[144],"deploy":[147],"an":[148],"intrusion":[149],"system":[151],"(IDS)":[152],"or":[153,161,174,205],"next-generation":[154],"firewall":[155],"picks":[157],"up":[158],"known":[159],"attacks":[160,206],"attempts":[162],"pattern":[164],"match":[165],"identification.":[167],"Other":[168],"tools":[170],"monitoring,":[172],"traffic,":[173],"behavioral":[175,254],"analysis.":[176],"reactive":[178],"once":[184],"attacked":[187],"yet":[188],"often":[189,217],"fail.":[190],"They":[191,214],"also":[192,216],"some":[194],"limitations":[195],"because":[196],"catch":[202],"credential":[203],"harvesting":[204],"based":[207],"what":[209],"appears":[210],"authorized":[212],"access.":[213],"seen":[218],"complex":[220],"prone":[222],"false":[224],"positives,":[225],"adding":[226],"analyst":[228],"alert":[229],"fatigue.":[230],"The":[231],"industry":[233],"has":[234],"focused":[235],"recent":[236],"innovation":[237],"finding":[239],"accurate":[241],"ways":[242],"recognize":[244],"activity":[246],"technologies":[248],"user":[251],"entity":[253],"analytics":[255],"(UEBA),":[256],"big":[257],"data,":[258],"artificial":[259],"intelligence":[260],"(AI),":[261],"deception.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T08:55:40.977307","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}