{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3137292771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13030466","title":"A Traceable Online Will System Based on Blockchain and Smart Contract Technology","display_name":"A Traceable Online Will System Based on Blockchain and Smart Contract Technology","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3137292771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13030466","mag":"3137292771"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13030466","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13030466","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/3/466/pdf?version=1616555797","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/3/466/pdf?version=1616555797","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101689181","display_name":"Chin\u2010Ling Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4958-2043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126145234","display_name":"Chaoyang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xwksx09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126145234"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49232843","display_name":"Changchun University","ror":"https://ror.org/02an57k10","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49232843"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN","TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chin-Ling Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413, Taiwan","School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China","School of Information Engineering, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130600, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4958-2043","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126145234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49232843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035375616","display_name":"Ching\u2010Ying Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126145234","display_name":"Chaoyang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xwksx09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126145234"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ching-Ying Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126145234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022531582","display_name":"Mao\u2010Lun Chiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-8977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126145234","display_name":"Chaoyang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xwksx09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126145234"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mao-Lun Chiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126145234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045871346","display_name":"Yong\u2010Yuan Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9581-8184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126145234","display_name":"Chaoyang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xwksx09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126145234"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yong-Yuan Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126145234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022616667","display_name":"Peizhi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7507-8791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peizhi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066282761","display_name":"Yi-Jui Chiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-9321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Jui Chiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-9321","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022531582","https://openalex.org/A5022616667","https://openalex.org/A5045871346"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126145234","https://openalex.org/I75867142"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":5.2663,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95630663,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"466","last_page":"466"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11995","display_name":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9044415950775146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7649554014205933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7525094747543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.6878769993782043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.6427537798881531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5278612971305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5228291153907776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.45395439863204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.43885868787765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3248615264892578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.19473034143447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.15972352027893066}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9044415950775146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7649554014205933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7525094747543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.6878769993782043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.6427537798881531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5278612971305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5228291153907776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.45395439863204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.43885868787765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3248615264892578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.19473034143447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.15972352027893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13030466","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13030466","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/3/466/pdf?version=1616555797","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f1e28bd05d434656bc6244de7a5e31d7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f1e28bd05d434656bc6244de7a5e31d7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 13, Iss 3, p 466 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/13/3/466/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13030466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13030466","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13030466","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/3/466/pdf?version=1616555797","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3137292771.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1845545412","https://openalex.org/W1939171670","https://openalex.org/W1997632571","https://openalex.org/W2013613544","https://openalex.org/W2040649087","https://openalex.org/W2126422574","https://openalex.org/W2183171747","https://openalex.org/W2754156730","https://openalex.org/W2766748795","https://openalex.org/W2804242613","https://openalex.org/W2889253887","https://openalex.org/W2914735843","https://openalex.org/W2916723046","https://openalex.org/W3044512627","https://openalex.org/W3088647537","https://openalex.org/W3106760773","https://openalex.org/W3111717334","https://openalex.org/W3120383133","https://openalex.org/W3122402697","https://openalex.org/W3134740534","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W6678436286","https://openalex.org/W6686068229","https://openalex.org/W6752203242"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388187043","https://openalex.org/W4285161539","https://openalex.org/W2982625131","https://openalex.org/W4406264591","https://openalex.org/W4396636834","https://openalex.org/W3092627261","https://openalex.org/W4396241386","https://openalex.org/W4399333949","https://openalex.org/W4285166115","https://openalex.org/W3195083849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,22,93,142],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"with":[3,58,124,145],"the":[4,59,62,89,98,151,158,176,188],"rapid":[5],"levels":[6],"of":[7,49,61,91,153,178,185],"economic":[8],"development,":[9],"there":[10,169],"have":[11,27],"been":[12,68],"more":[13,15],"and":[14,20,42,51,81,110,118,138,174,187],"problems":[16],"in":[17,85,131],"property":[18,155],"inheritance":[19],"distribution.":[21,156],"today\u2019s":[23],"society,":[24],"people":[25],"still":[26],"many":[28,71],"taboos":[29],"when":[30,168],"writing":[31],"a":[32,35,47,146],"will.":[33],"Writing":[34],"will":[36,105,127,136],"not":[37],"only":[38],"involves":[39],"various":[40],"laws":[41],"regulations":[43],"but":[44],"also":[45,163],"costs":[46],"lot":[48],"money":[50],"time,":[52,160],"which":[53,133],"can":[54],"be":[55],"daunting.":[56],"However,":[57],"development":[60],"Internet,":[63],"blockchain":[64,109,125],"technology":[65,74],"has":[66],"gradually":[67],"applied":[69],"to":[70,78,87,101,190],"applications.":[72],"Blockchain":[73],"uses":[75],"consensus":[76],"algorithms":[77],"ensure":[79,88],"consistency":[80],"records":[82],"transaction":[83],"information":[84],"blocks":[86],"effectiveness":[90,117],"transactions.":[92],"this":[94,123,161],"paper,":[95],"we":[96],"use":[97],"cryptography":[99],"mechanism":[100,162],"propose":[102],"an":[103,165],"online":[104],"system":[106],"based":[107],"on":[108],"smart":[111,147],"contract":[112],"technology.":[113],"The":[114],"architecture":[115],"considers":[116],"cost":[119],"reduction.":[120],"By":[121],"combining":[122],"technology,":[126],"assets":[128],"are":[129,170],"saved":[130],"blocks,":[132],"provides":[134],"comprehensive":[135],"security":[137,140],"non-tamperable":[139],"protection.":[141],"addition,":[143],"combined":[144],"contract,":[148],"it":[149],"realizes":[150],"method":[152],"automatic":[154],"At":[157],"same":[159],"proposes":[164],"arbitration":[166],"solution":[167],"disputes":[171],"over":[172],"wills,":[173],"ensures":[175],"integrity":[177],"data,":[179],"public":[180],"verifiability,":[181],"unforgeability,":[182],"nonrepudiation,":[183],"irreversibility":[184],"information,":[186],"ability":[189],"resist":[191],"counterfeiting":[192],"attacks.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}