{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3132900437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13020355","title":"Feature Extraction of Marine Water Pollution Based on Data Mining","display_name":"Feature Extraction of Marine Water Pollution Based on Data Mining","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3132900437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13020355","mag":"3132900437"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13020355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13020355","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/2/355/pdf?version=1614247166","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/2/355/pdf?version=1614247166","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031309903","display_name":"Haixia Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haixia Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, Hebei Polytechnic Institute, Shijiazhuang 050091, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, Hebei Polytechnic Institute, Shijiazhuang 050091, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111370522","display_name":"Jianhong Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhong Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, Hebei Polytechnic Institute, Shijiazhuang 050091, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, Hebei Polytechnic Institute, Shijiazhuang 050091, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062996726","display_name":"Xiangwei Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9814-8075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137009","display_name":"Shaanxi Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03c8jqn92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137009"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangwei Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Network and Communication, Hebei Polytechnic Institute, Shijiazhuang 050091, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Network and Communication, Hebei Polytechnic Institute, Shijiazhuang 050091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137009"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031309903"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.3456,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58917014,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"355","last_page":"355"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9757000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11634","display_name":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","score":0.9451000094413757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollution","display_name":"Pollution","score":0.6592586040496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6542784571647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-quality","display_name":"Water quality","score":0.6538907289505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-pollution","display_name":"Marine pollution","score":0.5741699934005737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sewage","display_name":"Sewage","score":0.5460673570632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollutant","display_name":"Pollutant","score":0.49442052841186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.47471487522125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-pollution","display_name":"Water pollution","score":0.466147780418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-body","display_name":"Water body","score":0.4534091055393219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35943639278411865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-engineering","display_name":"Environmental engineering","score":0.23759719729423523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17120051383972168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.11248785257339478}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.6592586040496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6542784571647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780797713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376","display_name":"Water quality","level":2,"score":0.6538907289505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780492012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058325","display_name":"Marine pollution","level":3,"score":0.5741699934005737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58790150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10966166","display_name":"Sewage","level":2,"score":0.5460673570632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82685317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19829510","display_name":"Pollutant","level":2,"score":0.49442052841186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.47471487522125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90195498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183129","display_name":"Water pollution","level":2,"score":0.466147780418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986309107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15324","display_name":"Water body","level":2,"score":0.4534091055393219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35943639278411865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.23759719729423523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17120051383972168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.11248785257339478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13020355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13020355","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/2/355/pdf?version=1614247166","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e1ca86eabb99402a89ba55dfe93788c7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e1ca86eabb99402a89ba55dfe93788c7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 13, Iss 2, p 355 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/13/2/355/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13020355","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13020355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13020355","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/2/355/pdf?version=1614247166","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3132900437.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3132900437.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2122697506","https://openalex.org/W2276188308","https://openalex.org/W2326798331","https://openalex.org/W2563368002","https://openalex.org/W2742423835","https://openalex.org/W2790644764","https://openalex.org/W2791797914","https://openalex.org/W2793280835","https://openalex.org/W2884193756","https://openalex.org/W2888276012","https://openalex.org/W2909568407","https://openalex.org/W2911366539","https://openalex.org/W2922527497","https://openalex.org/W2924217342","https://openalex.org/W2954394215","https://openalex.org/W2960561521","https://openalex.org/W2973369637","https://openalex.org/W2980681842","https://openalex.org/W2999604716","https://openalex.org/W3110295526","https://openalex.org/W3114584312"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4235197792","https://openalex.org/W2378197377","https://openalex.org/W2375700229","https://openalex.org/W2030730715","https://openalex.org/W2102355412","https://openalex.org/W2350802326","https://openalex.org/W2358772749","https://openalex.org/W2350843442","https://openalex.org/W2188791985","https://openalex.org/W2921680901"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,144],"ocean":[1],"occupies":[2],"more":[3,156],"than":[4,157],"two-thirds":[5],"of":[6,13,29,44,62,94,115,151,164,173,192],"the":[7,39,42,54,60,80,86,101,110,121,124,141,148,160,171,174,190],"earth\u2019s":[8],"area,":[9],"providing":[10],"a":[11,26,50],"lot":[12],"oxygen":[14],"and":[15,20,33,41,76,112,128,159,185],"materials":[16],"for":[17,189],"human":[18,24],"survival":[19],"development.":[21],"However,":[22],"with":[23,91],"activities,":[25],"large":[27],"number":[28],"sewage,":[30],"plastic":[31],"bags,":[32],"other":[34],"wastes":[35],"are":[36,130],"discharged":[37],"into":[38],"ocean,":[40],"problem":[43],"marine":[45,63,102,116,134,193],"water":[46,64,95,103,117,135,152,165,194],"pollution":[47,166],"has":[48],"become":[49],"hot":[51],"topic":[52],"in":[53],"world.":[55],"In":[56,83],"order":[57],"to":[58,78,99,108,132,139],"extract":[59],"characteristics":[61],"pollution,":[65],"this":[66,84,180],"study":[67,79,181],"proposed":[68],"K-means":[69],"clustering":[70],"technology":[71],"based":[72],"on":[73],"cosine":[74,125],"distance":[75,126],"discrimination":[77,129],"polluted":[81],"water.":[82],"study,":[85],"polygonal":[87],"area":[88],"method":[89,127],"combined":[90],"six":[92],"parameters":[93],"quality":[96,153],"is":[97,155,167,177],"used":[98,131],"analyze":[100],"body":[104,118],"anomalies,":[105],"so":[106,137],"as":[107,138],"realize":[109],"rapid":[111],"real-time":[113],"monitoring":[114],"anomalies.":[119],"At":[120],"same":[122],"time,":[123],"classify":[133],"pollutants,":[136],"improve":[140],"classification":[142,162],"accuracy.":[143],"results":[145],"show":[146],"that":[147,179],"detection":[149,191],"rate":[150],"anomalies":[154],"88.2%,":[158],"overall":[161],"accuracy":[163],"96.3%,":[168],"which":[169],"proves":[170],"effectiveness":[172],"method.":[175],"It":[176],"hoped":[178],"can":[182],"provide":[183],"timely":[184],"effective":[186],"data":[187],"support":[188],"bodies.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
