{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3116932837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13010017","title":"Experimental Study on Dynamic Properties of a Recycled Composite Sleeper and Its Theoretical Model","display_name":"Experimental Study on Dynamic Properties of a Recycled Composite Sleeper and Its Theoretical Model","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3116932837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13010017","mag":"3116932837"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13010017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13010017","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/1/17/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/1/17/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045436949","display_name":"Zhenhang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9983-1485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenhang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of High-Speed Railway Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China","School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of High-Speed Railway Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104333061","display_name":"Ying Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2496-6286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90090648","display_name":"Shijiazhuang Tiedao University","ror":"https://ror.org/022e9e065","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90090648"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Railway Engineering, Shijiazhuang Institute of Railway Technology, Shijiazhuang 050041, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Railway Engineering, Shijiazhuang Institute of Railway Technology, Shijiazhuang 050041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90090648"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083398238","display_name":"Cheng\u2010Hui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8982-5938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chenghui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of High-Speed Railway Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China","School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of High-Speed Railway Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083398238"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.2466,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53634897,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"17","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12197","display_name":"Brake Systems and Friction Analysis","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viscoelasticity","display_name":"Viscoelasticity","score":0.8549084067344666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-number","display_name":"Composite number","score":0.814179539680481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-modulus","display_name":"Dynamic modulus","score":0.7734570503234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superposition-principle","display_name":"Superposition principle","score":0.6830551624298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vibration","display_name":"Vibration","score":0.5570870041847229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5507833957672119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time\u2013temperature-superposition","display_name":"Time\u2013temperature superposition","score":0.5492182374000549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-mechanical-analysis","display_name":"Dynamic mechanical analysis","score":0.5314121842384338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulus","display_name":"Modulus","score":0.5172486901283264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.46339350938796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.42018622159957886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.4049745798110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1818813979625702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17616546154022217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer","display_name":"Polymer","score":0.12168094515800476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12003326416015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.1190594732761383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.11440658569335938}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186541917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910483","display_name":"Viscoelasticity","level":2,"score":0.8549084067344666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.814179539680481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191204318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246574","display_name":"Dynamic modulus","level":4,"score":0.7734570503234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27753989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284885","display_name":"Superposition principle","level":2,"score":0.6830551624298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198394728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695508","display_name":"Vibration","level":2,"score":0.5570870041847229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5507833957672119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110572138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3403592","display_name":"Time\u2013temperature superposition","level":3,"score":0.5492182374000549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7055690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900639","display_name":"Dynamic mechanical analysis","level":3,"score":0.5314121842384338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193867417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889814","display_name":"Modulus","level":2,"score":0.5172486901283264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.46339350938796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.42018622159957886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.4049745798110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1818813979625702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17616546154022217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.12168094515800476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12003326416015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.1190594732761383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.11440658569335938}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13010017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13010017","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/1/17/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:788e883b8e0a46e99afc8b102d70570b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/788e883b8e0a46e99afc8b102d70570b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 13, Iss 1, p 17 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/13/1/17/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13010017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym13010017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13010017","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/1/17/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3951662651","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51778543","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3116932837.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3116932837.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1900732308","https://openalex.org/W1993689297","https://openalex.org/W1993793428","https://openalex.org/W1993991664","https://openalex.org/W1998216179","https://openalex.org/W2013018070","https://openalex.org/W2049092633","https://openalex.org/W2057536028","https://openalex.org/W2066705645","https://openalex.org/W2104801004","https://openalex.org/W2105938334","https://openalex.org/W2107443110","https://openalex.org/W2134899629","https://openalex.org/W2149619203","https://openalex.org/W2227747272","https://openalex.org/W2283021358","https://openalex.org/W2306047729","https://openalex.org/W2319547606","https://openalex.org/W2363466088","https://openalex.org/W2616947421","https://openalex.org/W2733537159","https://openalex.org/W2913325180","https://openalex.org/W4297958805"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4241766730","https://openalex.org/W93658237","https://openalex.org/W2013010746","https://openalex.org/W2187145893","https://openalex.org/W2061378229","https://openalex.org/W1971545612","https://openalex.org/W2056287506","https://openalex.org/W643782105","https://openalex.org/W2155951589","https://openalex.org/W2892804344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,40,74,78],"symmetrical":[2],"structure":[3],"in":[4,158],"track":[5,22],"system,":[6],"the":[7,18,26,31,57,62,70,83,91,95,112,129,131,142,159,164,175,179],"dynamic":[8,28,34,71,92,105,176],"properties":[9,29,72,93,177],"of":[10,21,30,39,73,94,161,178],"recycled":[11],"composite":[12,32,41,75,96,113,180],"sleepers":[13],"are":[14],"important":[15],"factors":[16],"affecting":[17],"vibration":[19],"characteristics":[20],"structure.":[23],"To":[24],"study":[25],"viscoelastic":[27],"sleeper,":[33,97],"mechanical":[35],"analysis":[36],"(DMA)":[37],"tests":[38],"sleeper":[42,76,114],"at":[43,77,122,135],"\u22125":[44],"to":[45,68,89,151],"30":[46],"\u00b0C":[47],"and":[48,55,61,101],"1\u201360":[49],"Hz":[50],"were":[51,66],"first":[52],"carried":[53],"out,":[54],"then":[56],"time-temperature":[58],"superposition":[59],"(TTS)":[60],"Williams\u2013Landel\u2013Ferry":[63],"(WLF)":[64],"formula":[65],"used":[67],"predict":[69],"wider":[79],"frequency":[80],"range.":[81],"Finally,":[82],"generalized":[84,165],"Maxwell":[85,166],"model":[86,167],"was":[87],"adopted":[88],"characterize":[90],"which":[98,171],"provides":[99],"parameters":[100],"theoretical":[102],"models":[103],"for":[104],"analysis.":[106],"The":[107,154],"research":[108],"results":[109],"show":[110],"that":[111],"has":[115],"obvious":[116],"viscoelasticity.":[117],"Its":[118],"modulus":[119,132,147],"is":[120,133,157],"large":[121],"low":[123,139],"temperature":[124,137],"or":[125,138],"high":[126,136],"frequency.":[127,140],"On":[128],"contrary,":[130],"small":[134],"Under":[141],"test":[143],"conditions,":[144],"its":[145],"complex":[146],"ranges":[148],"from":[149],"1500":[150],"2700":[152],"MPa.":[153],"loss":[155],"factor":[156],"range":[160],"0.08\u20130.13.":[162],"Using":[163],"(n":[168],"=":[169],"4),":[170],"can":[172],"better":[173],"reflect":[174],"sleeper.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
