{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3107853923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12111921","title":"Ontology-Based Decision Support Tool for Automatic Sleep Staging Using Dual-Channel EEG Data","display_name":"Ontology-Based Decision Support Tool for Automatic Sleep Staging Using Dual-Channel EEG Data","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3107853923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12111921","mag":"3107853923"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12111921","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12111921","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/11/1921/pdf?version=1606110143","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/11/1921/pdf?version=1606110143","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100380067","display_name":"Bingtao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3643-3580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133134087","display_name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03144pv92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bingtao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Opto-Technology and Intelligent Control, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China","School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Opto-Technology and Intelligent Control, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101489620","display_name":"Zhifei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9314-8051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133134087","display_name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03144pv92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhifei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057691191","display_name":"Hanshu Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8918-0591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hanshu Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101683469","display_name":"Jing Lian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3947-7215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133134087","display_name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03144pv92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Lian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020086138","display_name":"Wenwen Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4984-2554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133134087","display_name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03144pv92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenwen Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101567794","display_name":"Zhonglin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3629-6557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133134087","display_name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03144pv92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhonglin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057691191","https://openalex.org/A5100380067"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087","https://openalex.org/I76214153"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.3426,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57710043,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"11","first_page":"1921","last_page":"1921"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.967199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7664505243301392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-stages","display_name":"Sleep Stages","score":0.6277680397033691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.6275612115859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.5696772933006287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","score":0.5485681295394897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5442935824394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.47891509532928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.43823644518852234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4327894449234009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-support-system","display_name":"Decision support system","score":0.4169255495071411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.38524794578552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3754374384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33082813024520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polysomnography","display_name":"Polysomnography","score":0.307533860206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.07745856046676636}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7664505243301392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910364982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35831","display_name":"Sleep Stages","level":4,"score":0.6277680397033691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.6275612115859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.5696772933006287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683692","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","level":2,"score":0.5485681295394897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5442935824394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.47891509532928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.43823644518852234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4327894449234009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.4169255495071411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38524794578552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3754374384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33082813024520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778205975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754874","display_name":"Polysomnography","level":3,"score":0.307533860206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.07745856046676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12111921","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12111921","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/11/1921/pdf?version=1606110143","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lzu.edu.cn/:262010/443626","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ir.lzu.edu.cn/handle/262010/443626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923049","display_name":"Lanzhou University Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"\u671f\u520a\u8bba\u6587"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eaac7a57b025402697497b8868a20e4f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eaac7a57b025402697497b8868a20e4f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 12, Iss 11, p 1921 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/12/11/1921/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12111921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry; Volume 12; Issue 11; Pages: 1921","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12111921","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12111921","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/11/1921/pdf?version=1606110143","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2519710901","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61962034, 61941109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3107853923.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W115986195","https://openalex.org/W244799260","https://openalex.org/W1494388112","https://openalex.org/W1494821105","https://openalex.org/W1505383579","https://openalex.org/W1972871001","https://openalex.org/W1974498657","https://openalex.org/W1989847754","https://openalex.org/W1990185991","https://openalex.org/W1996369579","https://openalex.org/W2000010633","https://openalex.org/W2002011878","https://openalex.org/W2004874112","https://openalex.org/W2009845727","https://openalex.org/W2015045208","https://openalex.org/W2021589706","https://openalex.org/W2033172224","https://openalex.org/W2034550669","https://openalex.org/W2043224204","https://openalex.org/W2052212791","https://openalex.org/W2052381790","https://openalex.org/W2059370893","https://openalex.org/W2063959464","https://openalex.org/W2065883923","https://openalex.org/W2074278824","https://openalex.org/W2088478798","https://openalex.org/W2095518456","https://openalex.org/W2101194023","https://openalex.org/W2102376611","https://openalex.org/W2124776405","https://openalex.org/W2131209034","https://openalex.org/W2132777690","https://openalex.org/W2135280991","https://openalex.org/W2136117227","https://openalex.org/W2136487516","https://openalex.org/W2144691514","https://openalex.org/W2145200343","https://openalex.org/W2147032551","https://openalex.org/W2153153503","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2167056249","https://openalex.org/W2311801994","https://openalex.org/W2361792070","https://openalex.org/W2441535889","https://openalex.org/W2513975684","https://openalex.org/W2515764746","https://openalex.org/W2607644382","https://openalex.org/W2738999855","https://openalex.org/W2779923874","https://openalex.org/W2890274852","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W6634531628","https://openalex.org/W6667131995","https://openalex.org/W6678851513","https://openalex.org/W6681847651"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084125138","https://openalex.org/W4407547038","https://openalex.org/W2841059565","https://openalex.org/W2294987193","https://openalex.org/W3196356839","https://openalex.org/W3026648951","https://openalex.org/W4224220486","https://openalex.org/W2079867952","https://openalex.org/W2909475760","https://openalex.org/W2327261800"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sleep":[0],"staging":[1,48],"has":[2],"attracted":[3],"significant":[4],"attention":[5],"as":[6,159],"a":[7,71,77,89,181],"critical":[8],"step":[9],"in":[10,88],"auxiliary":[11],"diagnosis":[12],"of":[13,19,29,55,105,142,184],"sleep":[14,22,47,101,108],"disease.":[15],"To":[16],"avoid":[17],"subjectivity":[18],"doctor\u2019s":[20],"manual":[21],"staging,":[23],"and":[24,63,114,149,166],"to":[25,67,103,131,155,177],"realize":[26],"scientific":[27],"management":[28],"massive":[30],"physiological":[31],"data,":[32],"an":[33,43],"ontology-based":[34],"decision":[35],"support":[36,163],"tool":[37,41],"is":[38,73,93,119,153],"proposed.":[39],"The":[40,116],"implements":[42],"automated":[44],"procedure":[45],"for":[46],"using":[49,121,180],"dual-channel":[50],"electroencephalogram":[51],"(EEG)":[52],"signals.":[53],"First":[54],"all,":[56],"it":[57],"encodes":[58],"EEG":[59,122],"features,":[60],"sleep-related":[61],"concepts":[62],"other":[64,156,178],"contextual":[65],"information":[66],"\u201cEEG-Sleep":[68],"ontology\u201d.":[69],"Secondly,":[70],"rule-set":[72],"constructed":[74],"based":[75],"on":[76],"data":[78,123],"mining":[79],"technique.":[80],"Finally,":[81],"the":[82,126,132,140,143,185],"first":[83],"two":[84],"steps":[85],"are":[86],"processed":[87],"reasoning":[90],"engine":[91],"which":[92],"automatically":[94],"assign":[95],"each":[96],"30":[97],"s":[98],"epoch":[99],"(segment)":[100],"stage":[102],"one":[104],"five":[106],"possible":[107],"stages:":[109],"WA,":[110],"NREM1,":[111],"NREM2,":[112],"SWS":[113],"REM.":[115],"rule":[117],"set":[118],"obtained":[120],"taken":[124],"from":[125],"Sleep-EDF":[127,186],"database":[128,187],"[EXPANDED]":[129],"according":[130],"random":[133],"forest":[134],"algorithm":[135],"(RF),":[136],"we":[137],"prove":[138],"that":[139],"performance":[141,174],"proposed":[144,171],"method":[145],"with":[146],"89.12%":[147],"accuracy,":[148],"0.81":[150],"Kappa":[151],"statistics":[152],"superior":[154],"algorithms":[157],"such":[158],"Bayesian":[160],"network,":[161],"C4.5,":[162],"vector":[164],"machine,":[165],"multilayer":[167],"perceptron.":[168],"Additionally,":[169],"our":[170],"approach":[172],"improved":[173],"when":[175],"compared":[176],"studies":[179],"small":[182],"subset":[183],"[EXPANDED].":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}